% standard macros for CWEB listings (in addition to plain.tex) % Version 3.6 --- May 2000 % modified for pages produced by CTWILL % further modified for page size of the MMIXware book \ifx\documentstyle\undefined\else\endinput\fi % LaTeX will use other macros \xdef\fmtversion{\fmtversion+CTWILL3.6+LNCS} \let\:=\. % preserve a way to get the dot accent % (all other accents will still work as usual) \newdimen\em \em=10pt % this "em" will not change with font size \parskip 0pt plus .1pt % almost no stretch between paragraphs \parindent 1\em % for paragraphs and for the first line of C text \newif\ifsorted \newread\sreffile \newwrite\reffile \ifx\norefs\def\else \openin\sreffile=\jobname.sref \ifeof\sreffile \immediate\openout\reffile=\jobname.ref \sortedfalse \message{This is the first pass!} \else \sortedtrue \message{This is the second pass!} \fi \fi \font\ninerm=cmr9 \let\mc=\ninerm % medium caps \def\CEE/{{\mc C\spacefactor1000}} \def\UNIX/{{\mc U\kern-.05emNIX\spacefactor1000}} \def\TEX/{\TeX} \def\CPLUSPLUS/{{\mc C\PP\spacefactor1000}} \def\Cee{\CEE/} % for backward compatibility \def\9#1{} \font\eightrm=cmr8 \font\sixrm=cmr6 \font\ninei=cmmi9 \font\eighti=cmmi8 \font\sixi=cmmi6 \skewchar\ninei='177 \skewchar\eighti='177 \skewchar\sixi='177 \font\ninesy=cmsy9 \font\eightsy=cmsy8 \font\sixsy=cmsy6 \skewchar\ninesy='60 \skewchar\eightsy='60 \skewchar\sixsy='60 \font\ninebf=cmbx9 \font\eightbf=cmbx8 \font\sixbf=cmbx6 \font\ninett=cmtt9 \font\eighttt=cmtt8 \hyphenchar\ninett=-1 \hyphenchar\eighttt=-1 \font\ninesl=cmsl9 \font\eightsl=cmsl8 \font\nineit=cmti9 \font\eightit=cmti8 \font\tentex=cmtex10 \font\ninetex=cmtex9 % TeX extended character set (used in strings) \font\eighttex=cmtex8 \fontdimen7\tentex=0pt % no double space after sentences \fontdimen7\ninetex=0pt \fontdimen7\eighttex=0pt \newif\iftenpoint \def\tenpoint{\tenpointtrue \def\rm{\fam0\tenrm}% \textfont0=\tenrm \scriptfont0=\sevenrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm \textfont1=\teni \scriptfont1=\seveni \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei \textfont2=\tensy \scriptfont2=\sevensy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy \textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex \def\it{\fam\itfam\tenit}% \textfont\itfam=\tenit \def\sl{\fam\slfam\tensl}% \textfont\slfam=\tensl \def\bf{\fam\bffam\tenbf}% \textfont\bffam=\tenbf \scriptfont\bffam=\sevenbf \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\tentt}% \textfont\ttfam=\tentt \def\ttx{\tentex}% \normalbaselineskip=12pt \let\cmntfont=\tenrm \let\mc=\ninerm \let\sc=\eightrm \let\big=\tenbig \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height8pt depth3pt width 0pt}% \normalbaselines\rm} \def\ninepoint{\tenpointfalse \def\rm{\fam0\ninerm}% \textfont0=\ninerm \scriptfont0=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm \textfont1=\ninei \scriptfont1=\sixi \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei \textfont2=\ninesy \scriptfont2=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy \textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex \def\it{\fam\itfam\nineit}% \textfont\itfam=\nineit \def\sl{\fam\slfam\ninesl}% \textfont\slfam=\ninesl \def\bf{\fam\bffam\ninebf}% \textfont\bffam=\ninebf \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\ninett}% \textfont\ttfam=\ninett \def\ttx{\ninetex}% \normalbaselineskip=11pt \let\cmntfont=\ninerm \let\mc=\eightrm \let\sc=\sevenrm \let\big=\ninebig \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height8pt depth3pt width 0pt}% \normalbaselines\rm} \def\eightpoint{% \def\rm{\fam0\eightrm}% \textfont0=\eightrm \scriptfont0=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm \textfont1=\eighti \scriptfont1=\sixi \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei \textfont2=\eightsy \scriptfont2=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy \textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex \def\it{\fam\itfam\eightit}% \textfont\itfam=\eightit \def\sl{\fam\slfam\eightsl}% \textfont\slfam=\eightsl \def\bf{\fam\bffam\eightbf}% \textfont\bffam=\eightbf \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\eighttt}% \textfont\ttfam=\eighttt \def\ttx{\eighttex}% \normalbaselineskip=9pt \let\cmntfont=\eightrm \let\mc=\sevenrm \let\sc=\sixrm \let\big=\eightbig \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height7pt depth2pt width 0pt}% \normalbaselines\rm} \tenpoint \def\tenbig#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to8.5pt{}\right.\nulldelimiterspace=0pt$}}} \def\ninebig#1{{\hbox{$\textfont0=\tenrm\textfont2=\tensy \left#1\vbox to7.25pt{}\right.\nulldelimiterspace=0pt$}}} \def\eightbig#1{{\hbox{$\textfont0=\ninerm\textfont2=\ninesy \left#1\vbox to6.5pt{}\right.\nulldelimiterspace=0pt$}}} %\font\tenss=cmss10 \let\cmntfont\tenss % alternative comment font \font\titlefont=cmr7 scaled\magstep4 % title on the contents page \font\ttitlefont=cmtt10 scaled\magstep2 % typewriter type in title \def\\#1{\leavevmode\hbox{\it#1\/\kern.05em}} % italic type for identifiers \def\|#1{\leavevmode\hbox{$#1$}} % one-letter identifiers look better this way \def\{\leavevmode\hbox{\bf \def\_{\kern.04em\vbox{\hrule width.3em height .6pt}\kern.08em}% #1\/\kern.05em}} % boldface type for reserved words \def\.#1{\leavevmode\hbox{\ttx % typewriter type for strings \let\\=\BS % backslash in a string \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string \let\~=\TL % tilde in a string \let\ =\SP % space in a string \let\_=\UL % underline in a string \let\&=\AM % ampersand in a string \let\^=\CF % circumflex in a string #1\kern.05em}} \def\){{\tentex\kern-.05em}\discretionary{\hbox{\tentex\BS}}{}{}} \def\AT{@} % at sign for control text (not needed in versions >= 2.9) \def\ATL{\par\noindent\bgroup\catcode`\_=12 \postATL} % print @l in limbo \def\postATL#1 #2 {\bf letter \\{\uppercase{\char"#1}} tangles as \tentex "#2"\egroup\par} \def\noATL#1 #2 {} \def\noatl{\let\ATL=\noATL} % suppress output from @l \def\ATH{\X\kern-.5em:Preprocessor definitions\X} \let\PB=\relax % hook for program brackets |...| in TeX part or section name \chardef\AM=`\& % ampersand character in a string \chardef\BS=`\\ % backslash in a string \chardef\LB=`\{ % left brace in a string \chardef\RB=`\} % right brace in a string \def\SP{{\tt\char`\ }} % (visible) space in a string \chardef\TL=`\~ % tilde in a string \chardef\UL=`\_ % underline character in a string \chardef\CF=`\^ % circumflex character in a string \newbox\PPbox % symbol for ++ \setbox\PPbox=\hbox{\kern.5pt\raise1pt\hbox{\sevenrm+\kern-1pt+}\kern.5pt} \def\PP{\copy\PPbox} \newbox\MMbox \setbox\MMbox=\hbox{\kern.5pt\raise1pt\hbox{\sevensy\char0 \kern-1pt\char0}\kern.5pt} \def\MM{\copy\MMbox} \newbox\MGbox % symbol for -> \setbox\MGbox=\hbox{\kern-2pt\lower3pt\hbox{\teni\char'176}\kern1pt} \def\MG{\copy\MGbox} \def\MRL#1{\mathrel{\let\K==#1}} \let\GG=\gg \let\LL=\ll \let\NULL=\Lambda \mathchardef\AND="2026 % bitwise and; also \& (unary operator) \let\OR=\mid % bitwise or \let\XOR=\oplus % bitwise exclusive or \def\CM{{\sim}} % bitwise complement \newbox\MODbox \setbox\MODbox=\hbox{\eightrm\%} \def\MOD{\mathbin{\copy\MODbox}} \def\DC{\kern.1em{::}\kern.1em} % symbol for :: \def\PA{\mathbin{.*}} % symbol for .* \def\MGA{\mathbin{\MG*}} % symbol for ->* \def\this{\&{this}} \newbox\bak \setbox\bak=\hbox to -1\em{} % backspace one em \newbox\bakk\setbox\bakk=\hbox to -2\em{} % backspace two ems \newcount\ind % current indentation in ems \def\1{\global\advance\ind by1\hangindent\ind\em} % indent one more notch \def\2{\global\advance\ind by-1} % indent one less notch \def\3#1{\hfil\penalty#10\hfilneg} % optional break within a statement \def\4{\copy\bak} % backspace one notch \def\5{\hfil\penalty-1\hfilneg\kern2.5\em\copy\bakk\ignorespaces}% optional break \def\6{\ifmmode\else\par % forced break \hangindent\ind\em\noindent\kern\ind\em\copy\bakk\ignorespaces\fi} \def\7{\Y\6} % forced break and a little extra space \def\8{\hskip-\ind em\hskip 2\em} % no indentation \newcount\gdepth % depth of current major group, plus one \newtoks\gtitle % title of current major group \newskip\intersecskip \intersecskip=12pt minus 3pt % space between sections \let\yskip=\smallskip \def\?{\mathrel?} \def\note#1#2.{\par\penalty5000 \Y\noindent{\hangindent2\em\baselineskip10pt\eightrm#1~#2.\par}} \def\lapstar{\rlap{*}} \def\stsec{\tenpoint\rightskip=0pt % get out of C mode (cf. \B) \sfcode`;=1500 \pretolerance 200 \hyphenpenalty 50 \exhyphenpenalty 50 \noindent\strut{\bf\secno.\quad}} \def\startsection{\titletrue \line{\smash{\titlefont\title}\quad\hrulefill}\bigskip \let\startsection=\stsec\stsec} \def\defin#1{\global\advance\ind by 2 \1\&{#1 } } % begin `define' or `format' \def\A{\note{See also section}} % xref for doubly defined section name \def\As{\note{See also sections}} % xref for multiply defined section name \def\B{\iftenpoint\ninepoint\fi \rightskip=0pt plus 100pt minus 10pt % go into C mode \sfcode`;=3000 \pretolerance 10000 \hyphenpenalty 9999 % so strings can be broken (discretionary \ is inserted) \exhyphenpenalty 10000 \global\ind=2 \1\ \unskip} \def\C#1{\5\5\quad$/\ast\,${\cmntfont #1}$\,\ast/$} \let\SHC\C % "// short comments" treated like "/* ordinary comments */" %\def\C#1{\5\5\quad$\triangleright\,${\cmntfont#1}$\,\triangleleft$} %\def\SHC#1{\5\5\quad$\diamond\,${\cmntfont#1}} \def\D{\defin{\#define}} % macro definition \let\E=\equiv % equivalence sign \def\ET{ and~} % conjunction between two section numbers \def\ETs{, and~} % conjunction between the last two of several section numbers \def\F{\defin{format}} % format definition \let\G=\ge % greater than or equal sign % \H is long Hungarian umlaut accent \let\I=\ne % unequal sign \def\J{\.{@\&}} % TANGLE's join operation \let\K== % assignment operator %\let\K=\leftarrow % "honest" alternative to standard assignment operator % \L is Polish letter suppressed-L \outer\def\M#1{\def\secno{#1}\startsection\ignorespaces} \outer\def\N{\ifvoid\partialpage\lefttrue \else\ifdim\ht\partialpage<\pageht \leftfalse\else\lefttrue\fi\fi\NNN} \outer\def\NN{\ifvoid\partialpage\leftfalse \else\ifdim\ht\partialpage<\pageht \lefttrue\else\leftfalse\fi\fi\NNN} \outer\def\NNN#1#2#3.{\gdepth=#1\gtitle={#3}\def\secno{#2}% starred section \ifleft \flushout \gdef\rlhead{\let\i=I\uppercase{\ignorespaces#3}} % running left headline \global\let\rrhead=\rlhead % running right headline \else\global\setbox\partialpage=\vbox{ \vbox to\pageht{\unvbox\partialpage\vfill}\break} \gdef\rrhead{\let\i=I\uppercase{\ignorespaces#3}} \fi \message{*\secno} % progress report \startsection{\bf\ignorespaces#3.\quad}\ignorespaces} % \O is Scandinavian letter O-with-slash % \P is paragraph sign \def\Q{\note{This code is cited in section}} % xref for mention of a section \def\Qs{\note{This code is cited in sections}} % xref for mentions of a section \let\R=\lnot % logical not % \S is section sign \def\T#1{\leavevmode % octal, hex or decimal constant \hbox{$\def\?{\kern.2em}% \def\$##1{\egroup_{\,\rm##1}\bgroup}% suffix to constant \def\_{\cdot 10^{\aftergroup}}% power of ten (via dirty trick) \let\~=\oct \let\^=\hex {#1}$}} \def\U{\note{This code is used in section}} % xref for use of a section \def\Us{\note{This code is used in sections}} % xref for uses of a section \let\V=\lor % logical or \let\W=\land % logical and \def\X#1:#2\X{\ifmmode\gdef\XX{\null$\null}\else\gdef\XX{}\fi % section name \XX$\langle\,${\let\I=\ne#2\sevenrm\kern.5em#1}$\,\rangle$\XX} \def\Y{\par\yskip} \let\Z=\le \let\ZZ=\let % now you can \write the control sequence \ZZ \let\*=* %\def\oct{\hbox{\rm\char'23\kern-.2em\it\aftergroup\?\aftergroup}} % WEB style %\def\hex{\hbox{\rm\char"7D\tt\aftergroup}} % WEB style \def\oct{\hbox{$^\circ$\kern-.1em\it\aftergroup\?\aftergroup}}% CWEB style \def\hex{\hbox{$^{\scriptscriptstyle\#}$\tt\aftergroup}} % CWEB style \def\vb#1{\leavevmode\hbox{\kern2pt\vrule\vtop{\vbox{\hrule \hbox{\strut\kern2pt\.{#1}\kern2pt}} \hrule}\vrule\kern2pt}} % verbatim string \def\TeX{{\ifmmode\it\fi \leavevmode\hbox{T\kern-.1667em\lower.424ex\hbox{E}\hskip-.125em X}}} \def\,{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thinmuskip\else\thinspace\fi} % now here's the mini-index formatting control \newcount\nrefs % total number of references in partial page \newcount\baseno % smallest section number in partial page \toksdef\prefs=199 % references to previous sections in current program \toksdef\frefs=220 % references to future sections in current program \toksdef\erefs=221 % references to sections in another program % \count and \toks registers 200--219 are also used to keep track of refs \catcode`\@=11 \newcount\@n \newcount\@m \newcount\@p \newdimen\pageht \pageht=19cm \newdimen\pagewd \pagewd=13cm \newdimen\colwd \colwd=\pagewd \advance\colwd by -2pc \divide\colwd by 3 % for three columns \newdimen\fullpageht \fullpageht=\pageht \advance\fullpageht by 4pc \newdimen\pagethresh \pagethresh=2\pageht \newdimen\nsize \newdimen\msize \newskip\intersecskip \intersecskip=8pt plus 2pt minus 3pt \newbox\partialpage \newbox\newsec \newtoks\newrefs \newtoks\ttoks \newdimen\ninept \ninept=9pt \newif\iftitle \newif\ifleft \def\flushout{\ifvoid\partialpage\else \setbox0=\vsplit\partialpage to \pageht \shipout\vbox{ \vbox to 3pc{\leftheadline\vfill} \nointerlineskip\box0} \global\advance\pageno 1 \global\let\[=\makeinref \global\let\]=\makeoutref \ifsorted \let\readin=\readln \readrefs \else \immediate\write\reffile{!\the\pageno}\let\readin=\readrefs \fi \setbox0=\vbox{\eightpoint \hsize=\colwd \rightskip=0pt plus 100pt minus 10pt \pretolerance 10000 \hyphenpenalty 10000 \exhyphenpenalty 10000 \noindent\vbox to1pt{}\par % 1pt = \topskip - \ninept \readin} \shipout\vbox to\fullpageht{ \vbox to 3pc{\rightheadline\vfill} \unvbox\partialpage \vfill \ifdim\ht0>1pt \kern11pt\hrule \hbox{% \nsize=\ht0 \advance\nsize-\topskip \divide\nsize by 3 \divide\nsize by\ninept \multiply\nsize by\ninept \advance\nsize\topskip \vsplit0 to\nsize \kern1pc \msize=\ht0 \advance\msize-\topskip \divide\msize by 2 \divide\msize by\ninept \multiply\msize by\ninept \advance\msize\topskip \vbox to\nsize{\vsplit0 to\msize\vss}\kern1pc \vbox to\nsize{\box0\vss}} \fi} \global\advance\pageno 1 \global\let\rlhead=\rrhead\fi {\globaldefs=1 \@n=199 \loop \ifnum\@n<222 \toks\@n={} \count\@n=0 \advance\@n 1 \repeat \nrefs=0 \baseno=\secno}} \def\leftheadline{\hbox to\pagewd{\vbox to10pt{}% \iftitle\global\titlefalse\else\ninerm\title:\enspace \eightsl\rlhead\fi \hfil\eightrm\folio}} \def\rightheadline{\hbox to\pagewd{\vbox to10pt{}% \eightrm\folio\hfil\ninerm\title:\enspace \eightsl\rrhead\/}} \def\mini{\begingroup \obeylines \globaldefs=1 \newrefs=\bgroup} \def\FI{\@n=\secno \advance\@n-\baseno \advance\@n 200 \advance\nrefs-\count\@n \@n=\nrefs \let\[=\countnewref \let\]=\cn \the\newrefs \endgroup \nobreak\null\nobreak\vskip-\baselineskip\penalty-500\vfil\eject} \def\twillout{\setbox\newsec=\vbox{\unvbox255} \ifnum\@n=0 \nsize=0pt \else \nsize=3pt \multiply\nsize\@n \advance\nsize 1.25pc \fi \ifvoid\partialpage\else\advance\nsize 5pt \advance\nsize\ht\partialpage\fi \advance\nsize\ht\newsec \message{\the\nsize} % show the page break decision amount \ifbr \global\brfalse \flushout \message{/\secno}\fi \ifdim\nsize>\pagethresh \flushout \message{\secno}\fi \addtopartialpage} \def\addtopartialpage{\globaldefs=1 \let\[=\addnewref \let\]=\addneweref \the\newrefs \setbox\partialpage=\ifvoid\partialpage \box\newsec \else \vbox{\unvbox\partialpage \vfilneg \vskip\intersecskip \unvbox\newsec}\fi} \def\shortpage{\par\vskip-2\baselineskip \null\vfill\penalty-5000\message{(shortpage)}} \newif\ifbr \def\forcebr{\global\brtrue} \def\countnewref #1 {\ifnum#1<\baseno \let\next\cn \else\ifnum#1>\secno \let\next\cn \else\let\next\flushref\fi\fi\next#1 } \def\cn #1 #2 {\begintest{#1 #2}\cnr\endtest} % here's a tricky way to present \cnr with a csname unexpanded inside: \def\begintest#1{\def\TEST{#1}\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter} \def\endtest{\csname\expandafter\gobb\meaning\TEST\endcsname} \expandafter\def\expandafter\gobb\meaning\empty{} {\obeylines\gdef\cnr#1#2 {\ifx#1\relax \advance\@n 1 \fi}} {\obeylines\gdef\flushref#1 {}} \def\addnewref #1 {\ifnum#1<\baseno \let\next\an \@n=199 \else\ifnum#1>\secno \let\next\an \@n=#1 \advance\@n-\baseno \advance\@n200 \ifnum\@n>219 \@n=220 \fi \else\let\next\flushref\fi\fi\next#1 } \def\an#1 #2 {\begintest{#1 #2}\anr\endtest\[#1 #2 } \def\addneweref#1 #2 {\@n=221 \begintest{#1 #2}\anr\endtest\]#1 #2 } {\obeylines\gdef\anr#1#2 {\ifx#1\relax \advance\nrefs1 \advance\count\@n 1 % \def#1{#2 }\toks\@n=\expandafter{\the\toks\@n\lmda#1}\fi}} \ifsorted \def\lmda#1{\global\let#1\relax} \else \def\lmda#1{#1\global\let#1\relax} \fi {\obeylines\gdef\makeinref#1 #2 #3 {\ifsorted\else\ttoks={\[#1 #2 #3}\immediate\write\reffile{+ \the\ttoks}\fi % \hangindent=1em \noindent #2\miniform#3, \S#1.\par}} {\obeylines\gdef\makeoutref#1 #2 #3 {\ifsorted\else\ttoks={\]#1 #2 #3}\immediate\write\reffile{+ \the\ttoks}\fi % \hangindent=1em \noindent #2\miniform#3, \extref#1.\par}} \def\miniform{\futurelet\next\miniforma} \def\miniforma{\ifx\next\zip \else\if=\noexpand\next \let\next\gobbleq \else\let\next\colon\fi\fi\next} \def\zip{} \def\gobbleq={\,=\,} \def\colon{: } \def\extref{\futurelet\next\extrefa} \def\extrefa{\if"\next\let\next\gobblest\else\let\next\cite\fi\next} \def\gobblest"#1"{{\ttx#1}} \def\cite#1#2.{{\sc#1}\,\S#2.} \def\uninitialized{???} \def\readrefs{\the\prefs \@m=\secno \advance\@m-\baseno \advance\@m200 {\def\lmda##1{\global\let##1\relax}\@p=200 \loop\ifnum\@p<\@m \the\toks\@p \advance\@p 1 \repeat} \loop\ifnum\@m<222 \the\toks\@m \advance\@m 1 \repeat} \def\readln{\read\sreffile to\next \expandafter\next\newline \readin} {\obeylines\gdef\newline{\unskip\noexpand }} \def\donewithpage#1 {\let\readin=\relax} \catcode`\@=12 \hsize=\pagewd \vsize=\maxdimen \output={\twillout} \def\inx{\flushout\end} \def\fin{\parfillskip 0pt plus 1fil \let\topsecno=\nullsec \message{Section names:} \def\note##1##2.{\quad{\eightrm##1~##2.}} \def\Q{\note{Cited in section}} % crossref for mention of a section \def\Qs{\note{Cited in sections}} % crossref for mentions of a section \def\U{\note{Used in section}} % crossref for use of a section \def\Us{\note{Used in sections}} % crossref for uses of a section \def\I{\par\hangindent 2em}\let\*=* \readsections} \def\readsections{\input \jobname.sscn} \def\datethis{} % To produce only a subset of pages, put the page numbers on separate % lines in a file called pages.tex \let\Shipout=\shipout \newread\pages \newcount\nextpage \openin\pages=pages \def\getnextpage{\ifeof\pages\else {\endlinechar=-1\read\pages to\next \ifx\next\empty % in this case we should have eof now \else\global\nextpage=\next\fi}\fi} \ifeof\pages\else\message{OK, I'll ship only the requested pages!} \getnextpage\fi \def\shipout{\ifeof\pages\let\next=\Shipout \else\ifnum\pageno=\nextpage\getnextpage\let\next=\Shipout \else\let\next=\Tosspage\fi\fi \next} \newbox\garbage \def\Tosspage{\deadcycles=0\setbox\garbage=}