; TeX output 1997.03.16:2057v2٦ dcr10[MarchU 16,1997]PQǣRxO dcbx12REuroTEXꍑvF*romf.version3.0onwards,TUY&E9Xeallowstheuseofeight-bitfontsinthemanuscript.!InEuroTUY&E9Xethisisutilized, vso!thatnon-EnglishlettersasfaraspGossiblearetreatedasEnglishletters.ThisdescriptionconcernsthevEuroTUY&E9XU extensionsfoundedonplainTUY&EX,version3.141,withtheuseofdcfonts.w !", cmsy10 vNon-EnglishZlettersareallowedZinthetextpartofthemanuscript(inequationsonlybyusing?@&oi dctt10@\hbox). vAlllettersinthefontISOLatin1except?@maybGeused.QLetterslike?@䓀Ⓚ瓀蓀铀꓀ vπ?擀canXhencebGetypeddirectlyintothe?@texle.1'ParaphrasesXlike@\"a\"o\"u\ss\`a\^a v\c?c\`e\'e\^e\^\i\"\i\^o\^u\`u\ae\o\aaare stillunderstoGod,PDhowever.>The letters vinthefontISOLatin1mayalsobGeusedincontrolwords.&CharactersinISOLatin1whicharenot vletters,*will4asarulenotbGeunderstood.rHowever,*TUY&E9Xunderstands4thecharacters?@in vtextU moGdeandthecharacters?inU mathmode. +w vTUY&E9Xcanhyphenatewordscontainingthelettersinthedcfont.VThetreatmentisthesame,,whetherthe vlettersU aretypGeddirectlyorasmacros.w vLanguagesdcanbGeselectedwiththecommand?@\language\hlanguagei, 5wherehlanguageiisoneofthe vwordsxl@english?germanfrenchitalianpolishdanishnorwegianswedishicelandicfinnish. vByjtheselectionoflanguage,orulesforhyphenation,quotesandsentencespaceareset.F*oreachofthe vten^languages,-alistofsyllablesisread,withrulesforhyphenationofwords.9Correctquotesineach vlanguage+appGearbytyping?@\qt{htexti@}or+forsinglequotes?@\siqt{htexti@}.cThedierentquotes varetreatedbGelow. Sentencespacesareforalllanguages,MFexceptF*rench,setto?@\nonfrenchspacing; vforF*renchitissetto?@\frenchspacing.+OnemayswitchbGetweenlanguagesarbitraryoftenwithina vdoGcument.EhTheFmselectedlanguageisvqaliduntilanewlanguageisselected.EhThedefaultlanguageis vEnglish.w vT*esta2ontheselectedlanguagecanbGedonewiththecommand?@\ifnum\language=\englishhyphenation vandU equivqalentlyfortheotherlanguages.qOther?@\iftestsU mayalsobGeused.w vQuotesaretraditionallywrittendierentlyinthedierentlanguages.kThecustomarynotationinthe vten;:languagesis:dEnglishGermanLF*renchItalianPolishLDanishNorwegianSwedish vIcelandicLlFinnish.IBytyping?@\qt{htexti@},onegetsthementionedquotesinthetenlanguages. vSinglequotesappGearbytyping?@\siqt{htexti@}. sHence,kcwiththiscontrolwordonegets:R`English' v German`EOF*renchItalian Polish` Danish`Norwegian'Swedish' Icelandic`'Finnish'.IndepGendently vof7theselectedlanguage,}@``?and@''are7stillligaturesforand. F*urther,@<<?and@>>are7ligatures vforgand.UTheymayalsobGeproducedbytypingthemdirectly*,yi.e.,@?and@.UOfgcourse,yalsothe vsingleݽcharacters`and'canbGetypGeddirectlywith?@`and@'. WTheݽotherquotesmayalsobGeselected vindepGendentlyS"oftheselectedlanguage.pThequotescanbeproducedasshowninthetablebelow.pThe vtableU alsoshowsinwhichlanguagesaquotetraditionallyisused.tO@\lohi{low-high}{yields `low-highL~GermanU PolishDanishIcelandictO@\hihi{high-high}{yields `high-high~EnglishU SpanishItaliantO@\hiqq{high-equal}{yields `high-equal~SwedishU FinnishNorwegiantO@\ltgt{outwards}{yields `outwards~F*renchU ItalianSpanishNorwegiantO@\gtlt{inwards}{yields `inwards~GermanU DanishtO@\gtgt{right}{yields `right~SwedishU Finnish vSinglehquotesappGearbyputting?@siinhfront,i.e.,withhthemacros?@\silohi\sihihi\sihiqq\siltgt v\sigtlt?\sigtgt.^F*orGnsefcheninfront,'themacro?@\hiqqyieldsabGetterpositioningthanthe vligature?@'':tO@\hiqq{Swedish}|wyields `SwedishtO@''Swedish''|wyields `Swedish. vDoU youseethedierence?w vMacros forlettersanddiacriticalmarks.2zInadditiontothelettersdenedintheTUY&E9XbGook,the following vlettersU havenamesoftheirown:tO@\dh?\DH]poyields `_wЎ(edh)tO@\th?\TH]poyields `_wގ(thorn)tO@\ng?\NG]poyields `_w(LappishU eng)tO@\y X\Y]poyields `_w(DutchU ij)tO@\dj?\DJ]poyields `_wЎ(CroatianU andLappishdbar)tO@\lp?\Lp]poyields `l3._wL3.(CatalanU ldot,asinparal3.32lel). v(@\lp Oisߣactuallynotaletter,Dbutamacrothatputsadotafterthel,ifthewordisnothyphenated vthere.)F DiacriticalҾmarks(umlaut,accents,etc.)canҾbGeproducedasmentionedintheTUY&E9Xҝbook.F Three*v[MarchU 16,1997]p[4page2PQ vadditionalU macrosaredened: tO@\k?oMkyields  o (ogonek,U right-adjustedfor,,,? u)tO@\p?LMkyields ` (prime,U onlyforCzechandSlovqak,,,andLatvianq`gT)tO@\r?uMkyields ` (ring). b vWithGtheabGoveGmacros,nameslikeLechW*asa,PelH cedaLazdyn} u,Pieany*,ingvellir,Morgunblai vandBသaoaivicanbGewritten.=gCorrectspellingsofsuchnamescannotbeproducedwiththetraditional vcmU fonts.w vTheecontrolsymbGol?@\|iseusedtosplitcharacters.ItcanbGeusedtosplitawordfromahyphen(-),iif vTUY&E9X doGes)notmanagetohyphenatetheword.Asanexample,ެifTUY&E9X doGesnotmanagetohyphenate vthe}word?@$W$-orthogonal,ConemayinsteadtypGe?@$W$-\|orthogonal.Correspondingly*,Cif}TUY&E9XLdoes vnotmanagetohyphenatethewordbGeforethehypheninanexpressionlike?@Lebesgue-integrable, one vmayN insteadtypGe?@Lebesgue\|-integrable.\?Withsuchauseof?@\|,ETUY&E9XMwillbGeabletohyphenate vtheW wordsinquestion.w|(and@")QintextmoGdewereearlieronlyusable vinZtypGewriterfonts,\ butmaynowbGeusedinalltextfonts. Themacros?@\{,@\}and@\backslashwere vearlierU onlydenedinmathmoGde,butarenowvqalidalsointextmode.w vIn@themacro?@\hyphenation,DthelettersinISO@Latin1aswellasmacrosforthelettersinthedcfonts vmaykobGeused.mHence,qonemaytypGe?@\hyphenation{ng-strm}or@\hyphenation{\aang-str\"om}. vInSbGothcasesngstrmwillbecorrectlyhyphenated. CHowever,W bracesScannotbeusedwithin v@\hyphenation.HThus,thepnotation?@\hyphenation{{\aa}ng-str\"om}yieldsanerrormessageinTUY&E9X.ߍv[MarchU 16,1997]p[4page3PQw vInwthemacros?@\uppercaseand@\lowercase,thewlettersinISOALatin1andmacrosfordiacriticalmarks vmaybGeused.Macrosforlettersoftheirown,%like?@\aa\oe\l,%however,willnotbGetreatedcorrectly*. vAlso, theletterswhichchangediacriticalmarks(like, and,)willnotbGetreatedcorrectly*.S Thus, vthe;command?@\uppercase{\"o\oe\ss\l\ka\"\i\pt}proGducesրT.Inremedyofthis,@two vnew[macros?@\upcaseand@\lowcaseareintroGduced.Theygivecorrecttreatmentforalllettersinthe vdcfonts,whethertheyaretypGeddirectlyorasmacros,togetherwithmostletterswithdiacriticalmarks. vThus,x@\upcase{\"o\oe\ss\l\k?a\"\i\pt}yieldsqttheresultր׀߀π.Anexceptionconstitute vtheLithuanianvowelswithogonek( i,1 u)andtheLatvianconsonantswithcedilla(``g,}X kY|,=l l٤, Pn).UTUY&E9Xgives van3errormessage,kMifonetriestotreatthemwith?@\upcaseor@\lowcase. Also,the3macros@\upcase vand?@\lowcasedoEnotworkacrossparagraphs.leTheactivecharacters?@cannotEbGeusedwith v@\uppercase,andUhencenotwith?@\upcase.RTUY&E9XUSgivesanerrormessagebysuchause.RThecorrespGonding vmacros?@\S\!\pound\qtmay*,U however,bGeused.w vPrinttole(with?@\write)e.g.inconnectionwithpreparationofanindexwasearlierproblematic vinTUY&E9Xfornon-Englishletters.SAlllettersinISOLatin1arenowprintedassuch,whethertheyare vtypGed directlyorasmacros.FOtherdclettersareprintedasmacrosontheform?@\char`^^xy.FAs van?example,D@\"o?isprintedas@,@\ssisprintedas@,D@\oeisprintedas@\char`^^f7,Dwhereas@\ka visפprintedas?@\char`^^a1. Sinceפthemacro?@\char`^^xyD;gobblesupsucceedingspace,Ethismeans vthatspacewilldisappGearbehindawordwhichendswithsuchamacro.]sLetterswhicharenotinthedc vfonts,,but"whichcanbGecreatedwithTUY&E9X,willnormallybeprintedasmacros.`Anexceptionconstitute vthemLithuanianvowelswithogonek( i, @u )andtheLatvianconsonantswithcedilla(``g, @k ^,A @l0,p Pn).CfThese vlettersRLcannotbGefurthertreatedwithTUY&E9XRKwhentheyareprintedtole.pTheproblemswithdicultly vreadableornottreatablemacrosarereducedbyusing?@\string.0Asanexample,@\string\k\spacea vproGduces?@\ka.OHowever,vifthewordsprintedtolearetobGesorted,vinpracticeonlythelettersofISO vLatinU 1areappropriateinsuchaprint.w vThe dcfontsareusedeverywhereintextmoGde.LInmathmodethecmfontsareusedasmentioned vin}theTUY&E9XTbGook.OBelow,Tthe}fontdcr10(ten-pGointRoman)isshown.OThecharactershavethesame vpGosition$pinalldcfonts.pThedcfontscontainthelettersofthemostimpGortantEuropGeanlanguages vwritten#withLatinletters.ЈUnfortunately*,ditwasimpGossibletondroomfortheCatalanlettersl3.32,dL3., vthe,LithuanianlettersY ce,7 4GE, i7, I, u', U ,{_ 8u,t3 U,andtheLatvianletters Pa,t3 4GA,/ Ghe,U E, , I, 8u,t3 U,P`g3, G , k{, K ,^ l7,U L s,  Pn,B >N .F*rom8aNordicpGointofview,>itisalsoofinterest,>thattheLappishletters> ̟t,휟,2TNaremissing.On vtheyotherhand,theletters,ywdonotenterintoanyEuropGeanlanguage.ޡTheDutchlettergroups, vπU alsoseemtohaveU averylimitedvqalueofuse.3qv[MarchU 16,1997]p[4page4PQx,0ɟffBD"G0] ffo"G1 Qff"G2)ff"G3Eٟff T"G4bff$&"G5?~affQB"G6lff~R"G7Mffvϟfffxp a"G00x9]ffMwfz>ffzffƟffC ffNff/,Hff[ #u#֟ffӅ~fffff䎍%L@0xa"G01x9]ffMwfz>ffz ff_ Ɵff;[ ff, Nff0I+ Hff\'u#֟ff~ffffxpa"G02x9]ffMwfz>ffzffƟff ff;?Nff/,HffY7u#֟ffS]~ffff䎍%L@1xa"G03x9]ffN-fz>ff{ffƟffԉ ffoNff.HffZu#֟ff(~ffffxpa"G04x9]ffMw fz>ff{!ff"ƟffI# ff$Nff-;%HffZ&u#֟ff'~ffff䎍%L@2xa"G05x9]ffN-(fz>ff{I)ff*ƟffӐ+ ff,,Nff0-Hff]eo.u#֟ffӅ/~ffffxpa"G06x9]ffMw0fz>ffz1ff2ƟffC3 ff4Nff/,5Hff\I6u#֟ffӅ7~ffff䎍%L@3xa"G07x9]ffMw8fz>ffz9ff_:Ɵff; ff<Nff-S=HffZ>u#֟ff?~ffffxpa"G10x9]ffL;@fz>ffy{AffeBƟffC ffDNff.EEHff[Fu#֟ffg*G~ffff䎍%L@4xa"G11x9]ffL_Hfz>ff{mwIff9JƟffӐK ffpLNff-MHff[ #Nu#֟ffp O~ffffxpa"G12x9]ffLiPfz>ffyXCQffRƟffԭ+S ff'TNff-UHff[ #Vu#֟ff0!W~ffff䎍%L@5xa"G13x9]ffL_Xfz>ffy{YffIZƟff[ ff\Nff0I+]Hff[^u#֟ffp _~ffffxpa"G14x9]ffN`fz>ffzaffbƟff;[c ffodNff/seHff]Afu#֟ffӅg~ffff䎍%L@6xa"G15x9]ffMX_hfz>ff{iffjƟffзk ff,lNff-;mHff\nu#֟ffӅo~ffffxpa"G16x9]ffMX_pfz>ffz/qffbrƟff{Ws fftNff.uHff\%vu#֟ff%w~ffff䎍%L@7xa"G17x9]ffM{xfz>ffz/yffzƟffC{ ff,|Nff/,}Hff[~u#֟ff~ffffxp Ta"G20x9]xTffL_݀fz>xTffy{πxTffƟxTff〃 xTffՀNxTff.EHxTff[bu#֟xTffg*~xTffff䎍%L@8xa"G21x9]xTffL݀fz>xTffzŀxTff8 ƟxTffӴW xTffЛNxTff. OHxTffZ嗀u#֟xTff_~xTffffxpa"G22x9]xTffLqQ݀fz>xTffztxTff瀒ƟxTffԭ+ xTff'NxTff.kHxTff[ #u#֟xTff~xTffff䎍%L@9xa"G23x9]xTffL_݀fz>xTffz-xTffIπƟxTfff xTffBkNxTff/އHxTff\u#֟xTff~xTffffxp a"G24x9]ffMw݀fz>ffzffƟff;[ ff0Nff/s〥Hff\'u#֟ffӅ~ffff䎍%L@Axa"G25x9]xTffN݀fz>xTff{8%xTff_ƟxTffԭ+ xTffoNxTff.峀HxTff\Iu#֟xTff^'~xTffffxp a"G26x9]ffN*݀fz>ff{Bπff_Ɵff{W ffGNff/Hff\u#֟ffm~ffff䎍%L@Bxa"G27x9]ffM{݀fz>ff{ӀffƟff;[ ff〼Nff0I+Hff\lu#֟ff!ɀ~ffffxp Ta"G30x9]xTffL_݀fz>xTffy{πxTffŽƟxTffӴWÎ xTffЛĎNxTff-߀ŎHxTffZEƎu#֟xTff%ǎ~xTffff䎍%L@Cxa"G31x9]xTffLi݀Ȏfz>xTffyԭɎxTffʎƟxTff 5ˎ xTffC̎NxTff/އ͎HxTff\ˀΎu#֟xTffAώ~xTffffxpa"G32x9]xTffLM݀Ўfz>xTffy{πюxTfftҎƟxTffӐˀӎ xTffԎNxTff-SՎHxTffZ嗀֎u#֟xTffA׎~xTffff䎍%L@Dxa"G33x9]xTffL;݀؎fz>xTffy{πَxTffڎƟxTffӴWێ xTffЛ܎NxTff-߀ݎHxTff[ގu#֟xTff}ߎ~xTffffxp a"G34x9]ffMw݀fz>ffzᎎff⎎ƟffC㎎ ff䎎Nff/,ˀ厎Hff[,掎u#֟ff玎~ffff䎍%L@Exa"G35x9]ffM݀莎fz>ff{Ӏ鎎ffꎎƟff;[뎎 ff,쎎Nff0I+펎Hff]eou#֟ff̀~ffffxpa"G36x9]ffMw݀fz>ffzt񎎍ff򎎍ƟffC󎎍 ff􎎍Nff/,ˀHff\Iu#֟ffp ~ffff䎍%L@Fxa"G37x9]ffMw݀fz>ffztffƟffԭ+ ffoNff/ ?Hff\u#֟ffӅ~ffffxp 9]ffJ@8fz>ffx@9ff8)@AƟffTm@B ffp@CNff,@DHffY9@Eu#֟ff3@F~ffF^;?RxO dcbx12G dcti10@&oi dctt102٦ dcr10 !", cmsy10K`y cmr10p