ls — list directory contents
ls [OPTION...] [FILE...]
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by
default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of −cftuvSUX nor −−sort.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
−a, −−alldo not ignore entries starting with .
−A, −−almost−alldo not list implied . and ..
−−authorwith −l, print the
author of each file
−b, −−escapeprint octal escapes for nongraphic characters
−−block−size=SIZEuse SIZE−byte blocks
−B, −−ignore−backupsdo not list implied entries ending with ~
−cwith −lt: sort by,
and show, ctime (time of last modification of file
status information) with −l: show ctime and sort by name
otherwise: sort by ctime
−Clist entries by columns
−−color[=WHEN]control whether color is used to distinguish file types. WHEN may be `never', `always', or `auto'
−d, −−directorylist directory entries instead of contents, and do not dereference symbolic links
−D, −−diredgenerate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
−fdo not sort, enable −aU, disable −ls −−color
−F, −−classifyappend indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
−−file−typelikewise, except do not append `*'
−−format=WORDacross −x, commas
−m, horizontal
−x, long −l, single−column
−1,
verbose −l, vertical
−C
−−full−timelike −l
−−time−style=full−iso
−glike −l, but do
not list owner
−−group−directories−firstgroup directories before files
−G, −−no−groupin a long listing, don't print group names
−h, −−human−readablewith −l, print
sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
−−silikewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
−H, −−dereference−command−linefollow symbolic links listed on the command line
−−dereference−command−line−symlink−to−dirfollow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory
−−hide=PATTERNdo not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by −a or
−A)
−−indicator−style=WORDappend indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (−p), file−type
(−−file−type),
classify (−F)
−i, −−inodeprint the index number of each file
−I, −−ignore=PATTERNdo not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
−klike −−block−size=1K
−luse a long listing format
−L, −−dereferencewhen showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself
−mfill width with a comma separated list of entries
−n, −−numeric−uid−gidlike −l, but list
numeric user and group IDs
−N, −−literalprint raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters specially)
−olike −l, but do
not list group information
−p, −−indicator−style=slashappend / indicator to directories
−q, −−hide−control−charsprint ? instead of non graphic characters
−−show−control−charsshow non graphic characters as−is (default unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
−Q, −−quote−nameenclose entry names in double quotes
−−quoting−style=WORDuse quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell−always, c, escape
−r, −−reversereverse order while sorting
−R, −−recursivelist subdirectories recursively
−s, −−sizeprint the size of each file, in blocks
−Ssort by file size
−−sort=WORDsort by WORD instead of name: none −U, extension −X, size −S, time −t, version −v
−−time=WORDwith −l, show time
as WORD instead of modification time: atime
−u, access
−u, use −u, ctime −c, or status −c; use specified time as sort
key if −−sort=time
−−time−style=STYLEwith −l, show
times using style STYLE: full−iso,
long−iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT. FORMAT is
interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is
FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
non−recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if
STYLE is prefixed with `posix−', STYLE takes
effect only outside the POSIX locale
−tsort by modification time
−T, −−tabsize=COLSassume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
−uwith −lt: sort by,
and show, access time with −l: show access time and sort by
name otherwise: sort by access time
−Udo not sort; list entries in directory order
−vsort by version
−w, −−width=COLSassume screen width instead of current value
−xlist entries by lines instead of by columns
−Xsort alphabetically by entry extension
−Z, −−contextprint any SELinux security context of each file
list one file per line
−−helpdisplay this help and exit
−−versionoutput version information and exit
SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following: kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
By default, color is not used to distinguish types of
files. That is equivalent to using −−color=none. Using the −−color option without the
optional WHEN argument is equivalent to using −−color=always. With −−color=auto, color codes are output
only if standard output is connected to a terminal (tty). The
environment variable LS_COLORS can influence the colors, and
can be set easily by the dircolors command.
Exit status is 0 if OK, 1 if minor problems, 2 if serious trouble.
The full documentation for ls is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and ls programs are properly installed at your site, the command
info ls
should give you access to the complete manual.
| COPYRIGHT |
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Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html> This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. |