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This appendix describes how to invoke CVS, with
references to where each command or feature is
described in detail. For other references run the
cvs --help command, or see Index.
A CVS command looks like:
cvs [ global_options ] command [ command_options ] [ command_args ] |
Global options:
--allow-root=rootdirSpecify legal CVSROOT directory (server only) (not in CVS 1.9 and older). See Setting up the server for password authentication.
-aAuthenticate all communication (client only) (not in CVS 1.9 and older). See Global options.
-bSpecify RCS location (CVS 1.9 and older). See Global options.
-d rootSpecify the CVSROOT. See The Repository.
-e editorEdit messages with editor. See Committing your changes.
-fDo not read the `~/.cvsrc' file. See Global options.
-H --helpPrint a help message. See Global options.
-nDo not change any files. See Global options.
-QBe really quiet. See Global options.
-qBe somewhat quiet. See Global options.
-rMake new working files read-only. See Global options.
-s variable=valueSet a user variable. See Expansions in administrative files.
-T tempdirPut temporary files in tempdir. See Global options.
-tTrace CVS execution. See Global options.
-v --versionDisplay version and copyright information for CVS.
-wMake new working files read-write. See Global options.
-xEncrypt all communication (client only). See Global options.
-z gzip-levelSet the compression level (client only). See Global options.
Keyword expansion modes (see section Substitution modes):
-kkv $Id: file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp $ -kkvl $Id: file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp harry $ -kk $Id$ -kv file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp -ko no expansion -kb no expansion, file is binary |
Keywords (see section Keyword List):
$Author: joe $ $Date: 1993/12/09 03:21:13 $ $Header: /home/files/file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp harry $ $Id: file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp harry $ $Locker: harry $ $Name: snapshot_1_14 $ $RCSfile: file1,v $ $Revision: 1.1 $ $Source: /home/files/file1,v $ $State: Exp $ $Log: file1,v $ Revision 1.1 1993/12/09 03:30:17 joe Initial revision |
Commands, command options, and command arguments:
add [options] [files…]Add a new file/directory. See Adding files to a directory.
-k kflagSet keyword expansion.
-m msgSet file description.
admin [options] [files…]Administration of history files in the repository. See admin--Administration.
-b[rev]Set default branch. See Reverting to the latest vendor release.
-cstringSet comment leader.
-ksubstSet keyword substitution. See Keyword substitution.
-l[rev]Lock revision rev, or latest revision.
-mrev:msgReplace the log message of revision rev with msg.
-orangeDelete revisions from the repository. See admin options.
-qRun quietly; do not print diagnostics.
-sstate[:rev]Set the state.
-tSet file description from standard input.
-tfileSet file description from file.
-t-stringSet file description to string.
-u[rev]Unlock revision rev, or latest revision.
annotate [options] [files…]Show last revision where each line was modified. See annotate--What revision modified each line of a file?.
-D dateAnnotate the most recent revision no later than date. See Common command options.
-FForce annotation of binary files. (Without this option, binary files are skipped with a message.)
-fUse head revision if tag/date not found. See Common command options.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See section Recursive behavior.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
-r tagAnnotate revision tag. See Common command options.
checkout [options] modules…Get a copy of the sources. See checkout--Check out sources for editing.
-AReset any sticky tags/date/options. See Sticky tags and Keyword substitution.
-cOutput the module database. See checkout options.
-D dateCheck out revisions as of date (is sticky). See Common command options.
-d dirCheck out into dir. See checkout options.
-fUse head revision if tag/date not found. See Common command options.
-j revMerge in changes. See checkout options.
-k kflagUse kflag keyword expansion. See Substitution modes.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See section Recursive behavior.
-NDon't "shorten" module paths if -d specified. See checkout options.
-nDo not run module program (if any). See checkout options.
-PPrune empty directories. See Moving and renaming directories.
-pCheck out files to standard output (avoids stickiness). See checkout options.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
-r tagCheckout revision tag (is sticky). See Common command options.
-sLike -c, but include module status. See checkout options.
commit [options] [files…]Check changes into the repository. See commit--Check files into the repository.
-F fileRead log message from file. See commit options.
-fForce the file to be committed; disables recursion. See commit options.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See Recursive behavior.
-m msgUse msg as log message. See commit options.
-nDo not run module program (if any). See commit options.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
-r revCommit to rev. See commit options.
diff [options] [files…]Show differences between revisions. See diff--Show differences between revisions. In addition to the options shown below, accepts a wide variety of options to control output style, for example `-c' for context diffs.
-D date1Diff revision for date against working file. See diff options.
-D date2Diff rev1/date1 against date2. See diff options.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See Recursive behavior.
-NInclude diffs for added and removed files. See diff options.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
-r rev1Diff revision for rev1 against working file. See diff options.
-r rev2Diff rev1/date1 against rev2. See diff options.
edit [options] [files…]Get ready to edit a watched file. See How to edit a file which is being watched.
-a actionsSpecify actions for temporary watch, where
actions is edit, unedit,
commit, all, or none. See
How to edit a file which is being watched.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See Recursive behavior.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
editors [options] [files…]See who is editing a watched file. See Information about who is watching and editing.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See Recursive behavior.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
export [options] modules…Export files from CVS. See export--Export sources from CVS, similar to checkout.
-D dateCheck out revisions as of date. See Common command options.
-d dirCheck out into dir. See export options.
-fUse head revision if tag/date not found. See Common command options.
-k kflagUse kflag keyword expansion. See Substitution modes.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See section Recursive behavior.
-NDon't "shorten" module paths if -d specified. See export options.
-nDo not run module program (if any). See export options.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
-r tagCheckout revision tag. See Common command options.
history [options] [files…]Show repository access history. See history--Show status of files and users.
-aAll users (default is self). See history options.
-b strBack to record with str in module/file/repos field. See history options.
-cReport on committed (modified) files. See history options.
-D dateSince date. See history options.
-eReport on all record types. See history options.
-lLast modified (committed or modified report). See history options.
-m moduleReport on module (repeatable). See history options.
-n moduleIn module. See history options.
-oReport on checked out modules. See history options.
-p repositoryIn repository. See history options.
-r revSince revision rev. See history options.
-TProduce report on all TAGs. See history options.
-t tagSince tag record placed in history file (by anyone). See history options.
-u userFor user user (repeatable). See history options.
-wWorking directory must match. See history options.
-x typesReport on types, one or more of
TOEFWUPCGMAR. See history options.
-z zoneOutput for time zone zone. See history options.
import [options] repository vendor-tag release-tags…Import files into CVS, using vendor branches. See import--Import sources into CVS, using vendor branches.
-b braImport to vendor branch bra. See Multiple vendor branches.
-dUse the file's modification time as the time of import. See import options.
-k kflagSet default keyword substitution mode. See import options.
-m msgUse msg for log message. See import options.
-I ignMore files to ignore (! to reset). See import options.
-W specMore wrappers. See import options.
initCreate a CVS repository if it doesn't exist. See Creating a repository.
kserverKerberos authenticated server. See Direct connection with Kerberos.
log [options] [files…]Print out history information for files. See log--Print out log information for files.
-bOnly list revisions on the default branch. See log options.
-d datesSpecify dates (d1<d2 for range, d for latest before). See log options.
-hOnly print header. See log options.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See Recursive behavior.
-NDo not list tags. See log options.
-ROnly print name of RCS file. See log options.
-rrevsOnly list revisions revs. See log options.
-s statesOnly list revisions with specified states. See log options.
-tOnly print header and descriptive text. See log options.
-wloginsOnly list revisions checked in by specified logins. See log options.
loginPrompt for password for authenticating server. See Using the client with password authentication.
logoutRemove stored password for authenticating server. See Using the client with password authentication.
pserverPassword authenticated server. See Setting up the server for password authentication.
rannotate [options] [modules…]Show last revision where each line was modified. See annotate--What revision modified each line of a file?.
-D dateAnnotate the most recent revision no later than date. See Common command options.
-FForce annotation of binary files. (Without this option, binary files are skipped with a message.)
-fUse head revision if tag/date not found. See Common command options.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See section Recursive behavior.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
-r tagAnnotate revision tag. See Common command options.
rdiff [options] modules…Show differences between releases. See rdiff--'patch' format diffs between releases.
-cContext diff output format (default). See rdiff options.
-D dateSelect revisions based on date. See Common command options.
-fUse head revision if tag/date not found. See Common command options.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See Recursive behavior.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
-r revSelect revisions based on rev. See Common command options.
-sShort patch - one liner per file. See rdiff options.
-tTop two diffs - last change made to the file. See diff options.
-uUnidiff output format. See rdiff options.
-V versUse RCS Version vers for keyword expansion (obsolete). See rdiff options.
release [options] directoryIndicate that a directory is no longer in use. See release--Indicate that a Module is no longer in use.
-dDelete the given directory. See release options.
remove [options] [files…]Remove an entry from the repository. See Removing files.
-fDelete the file before removing it. See Removing files.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See Recursive behavior.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
rlog [options] [files…]Print out history information for modules. See log--Print out log information for files.
-bOnly list revisions on the default branch. See log options.
-d datesSpecify dates (d1<d2 for range, d for latest before). See log options.
-hOnly print header. See log options.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See Recursive behavior.
-NDo not list tags. See log options.
-ROnly print name of RCS file. See log options.
-rrevsOnly list revisions revs. See log options.
-s statesOnly list revisions with specified states. See log options.
-tOnly print header and descriptive text. See log options.
-wloginsOnly list revisions checked in by specified logins. See log options.
rtag [options] tag modules…Add a symbolic tag to a module. See Revisions and Branching and merging.
-aClear tag from removed files that would not otherwise be tagged. See Tagging and adding and removing files.
-bCreate a branch named tag. See Branching and merging.
-BUsed in conjunction with -F or -d, enables movement and deletion of branch tags. Use with extreme caution.
-D dateTag revisions as of date. See Specifying what to tag by date or revision.
-dDelete tag. See Deleting, moving, and renaming tags.
-FMove tag if it already exists. See Deleting, moving, and renaming tags.
-fForce a head revision match if tag/date not found. See Specifying what to tag by date or revision.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See Recursive behavior.
-nNo execution of tag program. See Common command options.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
-r revTag existing tag rev. See Specifying what to tag by date or revision.
serverRsh server. See Connecting with rsh.
status [options] files…Display status information in a working directory. See File status.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See Recursive behavior.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
-vInclude tag information for file. See Tags-Symbolic revisions.
tag [options] tag [files…]Add a symbolic tag to checked out version of files. See Revisions and Branching and merging.
-bCreate a branch named tag. See Branching and merging.
-cCheck that working files are unmodified. See Specifying what to tag from the working directory.
-D dateTag revisions as of date. See Specifying what to tag by date or revision.
-dDelete tag. See Deleting, moving, and renaming tags.
-FMove tag if it already exists. See Deleting, moving, and renaming tags.
-fForce a head revision match if tag/date not found. See Specifying what to tag by date or revision.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See Recursive behavior.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
-r revTag existing tag rev. See Specifying what to tag by date or revision.
unedit [options] [files…]Undo an edit command. See How to edit a file which is being watched.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See Recursive behavior.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
update [options] [files…]Bring work tree in sync with repository. See update--Bring work tree in sync with repository.
-AReset any sticky tags/date/options. See Sticky tags and Keyword substitution.
-COverwrite locally modified files with clean copies from the repository (the modified file is saved in `.#file.revision', however).
-D dateCheck out revisions as of date (is sticky). See Common command options.
-dCreate directories. See update options.
-fUse head revision if tag/date not found. See Common command options.
-I ignMore files to ignore (! to reset). See import options.
-j revMerge in changes. See update options.
-k kflagUse kflag keyword expansion. See Substitution modes.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See section Recursive behavior.
-PPrune empty directories. See Moving and renaming directories.
-pCheck out files to standard output (avoids stickiness). See update options.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
-r tagCheckout revision tag (is sticky). See Common command options.
-W specMore wrappers. See import options.
versionDisplay the version of CVS being used. If the repository is remote, display both the client and server versions.
watch [on|off|add|remove] [options] [files…]on/off: turn on/off read-only checkouts of files. See Telling CVS to watch certain files.
add/remove: add or remove notification on actions. See Telling CVS to notify you.
-a actionsSpecify actions for temporary watch, where
actions is edit, unedit,
commit, all, or none. See
How to edit a file which is being watched.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See Recursive behavior.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
watchers [options] [files…]See who is watching a file. See Information about who is watching and editing.
-lLocal; run only in current working directory. See Recursive behavior.
-ROperate recursively (default). See section Recursive behavior.
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