  | ### 5.1.155 system `Syntax:` `system (` string_expression `)` `system (` string_expression`,` expression `)` `Type:` depends on the desired function, may be none `Purpose:` interface to internal data and the operating system. The string_expression determines the command to execute. Some commands require an additional argument (second form) where the type of the argument depends on the command. See below for a list of all possible commands. `Note:` Not all functions work on every platform. `Functions:` `system("alarm",` int `)` abort the Singular process after computing for that many seconds (system+user cpu time). `system("absFact",` poly `)` absolute factorization of the polynomial (from a polynomial ring over a transzedental extension) Returns a list of the ideal of the factors, intvec of multiplicities, ideal of minimal polynomials and the number of factors. `system("blackbox")` list all blackbox data types. `system("browsers");` returns a string about available help browsers. See The online help system. `system("bracket",` poly, poly `)` returns the Lie bracket [p,q]. `system("complexNearZero",` number_expression `)` checks for a small value for floating point numbers `system("contributors")` returns names of people who contributed to the SINGULAR kernel as string. `system("content",p)` returns p/content(p) for poly/vector `system("cpu")` returns the number of cpus as int (for creating multiple threads/processes). (see `system("--cpus")`). `system("denom_list")` returns the list of denominators (number) which occurred in the latest std computationi(s). Is reset to the empty list at ring changes or by this system call. `system("eigenvals",` matrix `)` returns the list of the eigenvalues of the matrix (as ideal, intvec). (see `system("hessenberg")`). `system("env",` ring `)` returns the enveloping algebra (i.e. R tensor R^opp) See `system("opp")`. `system("executable",` string `)` returns the path of the command given as argument or the empty string (for: not found) See `system("Singular")`. See `system("getenv","PATH")`. `system("getenv",` string_expression`)` returns the value of the shell environment variable given as the second argument. The return type is string. `system("getPrecDigits")` returns the precision for floating point numbers `system("gmsnf",` ideal, ideal, matrix,int, int `)` Gauss-Manin system: for gmspoly.lib, gmssing.lib `system("HC")` returns the degree of the "highest corner" (smallest monomial not in R/I) from the last std computation (or 0). `system("hessenberg",` matrix `)` returns the Hessenberg matrix (via QR algorithm). `system("install",` s1, s2, p3, i4 `)` install a new method p3 for s2 for the newstruct type s1. s2 must be a reserved operator with i4 operands (i4 may be 1,2,3; use 4 for more than 3 or a varying number of arguments) See See Commands for user defined types. `system("LLL",` B `)` B must be a matrix or an intmat. Interface to NTLs LLL (Exact Arithmetic Variant over ZZ). Returns the same type as the input. B is an m x n matrix, viewed as m rows of n-vectors. m may be less than, equal to, or greater than n, and the rows need not be linearly independent. B is transformed into an LLL-reduced basis. The first m-rank(B) rows of B are zero. More specifically, elementary row transformations are performed on B so that the non-zero rows of new-B form an LLL-reduced basis for the lattice spanned by the rows of old-B. `system("nblocks")` or `system("nblocks",` ring_name `)` returns the number of blocks of the given ring, or of the current basering, if no second argument is given. The return type is int. `system("nc_hilb",` ideal, int, [,...] `)` internal support for ncHilb.lib, return nothing `system("neworder",` ideal `)` string of the ring variables in an heurically good order for `char_series` `system("newstruct")` list all newstruct data types. `system("opp",` ring `)` returns the opposite ring. `system("oppose",` ring R, poly p `)` returns the opposite polynomial of p from R. `system("pcvLAddL",` list, list `)` `system("pcvPMulL",` poly, list `)` `system("pcvMinDeg",` poly `)` `system("pcvP2CV",` list, int, int `)` `system("pcvCV2P",` list, int, int `)` `system("pcvDim",` int, int `)` `system("pcvBasis",` int, int `)` internal for mondromy.lib `system("pid")` returns the process number as int (for creating unique names). `system("random")` or `system("random",` int `)` returns or sets the seed of the random generator. `system("reduce_bound",` poly, ideal, int `)` or `system("reduce_bound",` ideal, ideal, int `)` or `system("reduce_bound",` vector, module, int `)` or `system("reduce_bound",` module, module, int `)` returns the normalform of the first argument wrt. the second up to the given degree bound (wrt. total degree) `system("reserve",` int `)` reserve a port and listen with the given backlog. (see `system("reservedLink")`). `system("reservedLink")` accept a connect at the reserved port and return a (write-only) link to it. (see `system("reserve")`). `system("rref",` matrix `)` return a reduced row echelon form of the constant matrix M (see `system("rref")`). `system("semaphore",` string, int `)` operations for semaphores: string may be `"init"`, `"exists"`, `"acquire"`, `"try_acquire"`, `"release"`, `"get_value"`, and int is the number of the semaphore. Returns -2 for wrong command, -1 for error or the result of the command. `system("semic",` list, list `)` or `system("semic",` list, list, int `)` computes from list of spectrum numbers and list of spectrum numbers the semicontinuity index (qh, if 3rd argument is 1). `system("setenv",`string_expression, string_expression`)` sets the shell environment variable given as the second argument to the value given as the third argument. Returns the third argument. Might not be available on all platforms. `system("sh"`, string_expression `)` shell escape, returns the return code of the shell as int. The string is sent literally to the shell. `system("shrinktest",` poly, i2 `)` internal for shift algebra (with i2 variables): shrink the poly `system("Singular")` returns the absolute (path) name of the running SINGULAR as string. `system("SingularBin")` returns the absolute path name of directory of the running SINGULAR as string (ending in /) `system("SingularLib")` returns the colon separated library search path name as string. `system("spadd",` list, list `)` or `system("spadd",` list, list, int `)` computes from list of spectrum numbers and list of spectrum numbers the sum of the lists. `system("spectrum",` poly `)` or `system("spectrum",` poly, int `)` `system("spmul",` list, int `)` or `system("spmul",` list, list, int `)` computes from list of spectrum numbers the multiple of it. `system("std_syz",` module, int `)` compute a partial groebner base of a module, stop after the given column `system("tensorModuleMult",` int, module `)` internal for sheafcoh.lib (see id_TensorModuleMult) `system("twostd",` ideal `)` returns the two-sided standard basis of the two-sided ideal. `system("uname")` returns a string identifying the architecture for which SINGULAR was compiled. `system("verifyGB",` ideal_expression/module_expression `)` checks, if an ideal/module is a Groebner base `system("version")` returns the version number of SINGULAR as int. (Version a-b-c-d returns a*1000+b*100+c*10+d) `system("with")` without an argument: returns a string describing the current version of SINGULAR, its build options, the used path names and other configurations with a string argument: test for that feature and return an int. `system("--cpus")` returns the number of available cpu cores as int (for using multiple cores). (see `system("cpu")`). `system("`--`")` prints the values of all options. `system("`--long_option_name`")` returns the value of the (command-line) option long_option_name. The type of the returned value is either string or int. See Command line options, for more info. `system("`--long_option_name`",` expression`)` sets the value of the (command-line) option long_option_name to the value given by the expression. Type of the expression must be string, or int. See Command line options, for more info. Among others, this can be used for setting the seed of the random number generator, the used help browser, the minimal display time, or the timer resolution. `Example:`
      // a listing of the current directory:
      system("sh","ls");
      // execute a shell, return to SINGULAR with exit:
      system("sh","sh");
      string unique_name="/tmp/xx"+string(system("pid"));
      unique_name;
      ==> /tmp/xx4711
      system("uname")
      ==> ix86-Linux
      system("getenv","PATH");
      ==> /bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin
      system("Singular");
      ==> /usr/local/bin/Singular
      // report value of all options
      system("--");
      ==> // --batch           0
      ==> // --execute
      ==> // --sdb             0
      ==> // --echo            1
      ==> // --profile         0
      ==> // --quiet           1
      ==> // --sort            0
      ==> // --random          12345678
      ==> // --no-tty          1
      ==> // --user-option
      ==> // --allow-net       0
      ==> // --browser
      ==> // --cntrlc
      ==> // --emacs           0
      ==> // --log
      ==> // --no-stdlib       0
      ==> // --no-rc           1
      ==> // --no-warn         0
      ==> // --no-out          0
      ==> // --no-shell        0
      ==> // --min-time        "0.5"
      ==> // --cpus            8
      ==> // --threads         8
      ==> // --flint-threads   1
      ==> // --MPport
      ==> // --MPhost
      ==> // --link
      ==> // --ticks-per-sec   1
      // set minimal display time to 0.02 seconds
      system("--min-time", "0.02");
      // set timer resolution to 0.01 seconds
      system("--ticks-per-sec", 100);
      // re-seed random number generator
      system("--random", 12345678);
      // allow your web browser to access HTML pages from the net
      system("--allow-net", 1);
      // and set help browser to firefox
      system("--browser", "firefox");
      ==> // ** No help browser 'firefox' available.
      ==> // ** Setting help browser to 'dummy'.

User manual for Singular version 4.4.1, 2025, generated by texi2html.