## ----setup, include=FALSE, cache=FALSE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
options(width = 1000)
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE, message = FALSE, warning = FALSE, comment = NA, eval = TRUE, fig.width = 5, fig.height = 5)

## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
library(udpipe)
ud_model <- udpipe_download_model(language = "spanish")

## ---- echo=FALSE----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE, message = FALSE, warning = FALSE, comment = NA, eval = !ud_model$download_failed)

## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
data(brussels_reviews)
comments <- subset(brussels_reviews, language %in% "es")

ud_model <- udpipe_load_model(ud_model$file_model)
x <- udpipe_annotate(ud_model, x = comments$feedback, doc_id = comments$id)
x <- as.data.frame(x)

## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
library(lattice)
stats <- txt_freq(x$upos)
stats$key <- factor(stats$key, levels = rev(stats$key))
barchart(key ~ freq, data = stats, col = "cadetblue", 
         main = "UPOS (Universal Parts of Speech)\n frequency of occurrence", 
         xlab = "Freq")

## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## NOUNS
stats <- subset(x, upos %in% c("NOUN")) 
stats <- txt_freq(stats$token)
stats$key <- factor(stats$key, levels = rev(stats$key))
barchart(key ~ freq, data = head(stats, 20), col = "cadetblue", 
         main = "Most occurring nouns", xlab = "Freq")
## ADJECTIVES
stats <- subset(x, upos %in% c("ADJ")) 
stats <- txt_freq(stats$token)
stats$key <- factor(stats$key, levels = rev(stats$key))
barchart(key ~ freq, data = head(stats, 20), col = "cadetblue", 
         main = "Most occurring adjectives", xlab = "Freq")

## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Using RAKE
stats <- keywords_rake(x = x, term = "lemma", group = "doc_id", 
                       relevant = x$upos %in% c("NOUN", "ADJ"))
stats$key <- factor(stats$keyword, levels = rev(stats$keyword))
barchart(key ~ rake, data = head(subset(stats, freq > 3), 20), col = "cadetblue", 
         main = "Keywords identified by RAKE", 
         xlab = "Rake")

## Using Pointwise Mutual Information Collocations
x$word <- tolower(x$token)
stats <- keywords_collocation(x = x, term = "word", group = "doc_id")
stats$key <- factor(stats$keyword, levels = rev(stats$keyword))
barchart(key ~ pmi, data = head(subset(stats, freq > 3), 20), col = "cadetblue", 
         main = "Keywords identified by PMI Collocation", 
         xlab = "PMI (Pointwise Mutual Information)")

## Using a sequence of POS tags (noun phrases / verb phrases)
x$phrase_tag <- as_phrasemachine(x$upos, type = "upos")
stats <- keywords_phrases(x = x$phrase_tag, term = tolower(x$token), 
                          pattern = "(A|N)*N(P+D*(A|N)*N)*", 
                          is_regex = TRUE, detailed = FALSE)
stats <- subset(stats, ngram > 1 & freq > 3)
stats$key <- factor(stats$keyword, levels = rev(stats$keyword))
barchart(key ~ freq, data = head(stats, 20), col = "cadetblue", 
         main = "Keywords - simple noun phrases", xlab = "Frequency")

## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cooc <- cooccurrence(x = subset(x, upos %in% c("NOUN", "ADJ")), 
                     term = "lemma", 
                     group = c("doc_id", "paragraph_id", "sentence_id"))
head(cooc)

## ----eval=FALSE-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  library(igraph)
#  library(ggraph)
#  library(ggplot2)
#  wordnetwork <- head(cooc, 30)
#  wordnetwork <- graph_from_data_frame(wordnetwork)
#  ggraph(wordnetwork, layout = "fr") +
#    geom_edge_link(aes(width = cooc, edge_alpha = cooc), edge_colour = "pink") +
#    geom_node_text(aes(label = name), col = "darkgreen", size = 4) +
#    theme_graph(base_family = "Arial Narrow") +
#    theme(legend.position = "none") +
#    labs(title = "Cooccurrences within sentence", subtitle = "Nouns & Adjective")

## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cooc <- cooccurrence(x$lemma, relevant = x$upos %in% c("NOUN", "ADJ"), skipgram = 1)
head(cooc)

## ----eval=FALSE-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  library(igraph)
#  library(ggraph)
#  library(ggplot2)
#  wordnetwork <- head(cooc, 15)
#  wordnetwork <- graph_from_data_frame(wordnetwork)
#  ggraph(wordnetwork, layout = "fr") +
#    geom_edge_link(aes(width = cooc, edge_alpha = cooc)) +
#    geom_node_text(aes(label = name), col = "darkgreen", size = 4) +
#    theme_graph(base_family = "Arial Narrow") +
#    labs(title = "Words following one another", subtitle = "Nouns & Adjective")

## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x$id <- unique_identifier(x, fields = c("sentence_id", "doc_id"))
dtm <- subset(x, upos %in% c("NOUN", "ADJ"))
dtm <- document_term_frequencies(dtm, document = "id", term = "lemma")
dtm <- document_term_matrix(dtm)
dtm <- dtm_remove_lowfreq(dtm, minfreq = 5)
termcorrelations <- dtm_cor(dtm)
y <- as_cooccurrence(termcorrelations)
y <- subset(y, term1 < term2 & abs(cooc) > 0.2)
y <- y[order(abs(y$cooc), decreasing = TRUE), ]
head(y)

## ---- results='hide', echo=FALSE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
invisible(if(file.exists(ud_model$file)) file.remove(c(ud_model$file)))