| Type: | Package |
| Title: | Renewable Power Systems and the Environment |
| Version: | 0.1-1 |
| Date: | 2018-05-09 |
| Author: | Miguel F. Acevedo |
| Maintainer: | Miguel F. Acevedo <acevedo@unt.edu> |
| Description: | Supports calculations and visualization for renewable power systems and the environment. Analysis and graphical tools for DC and AC circuits and their use in electric power systems. Analysis and graphical tools for thermodynamic cycles and heat engines, supporting efficiency calculations in coal-fired power plants, gas-fired power plants. Calculations of carbon emissions and atmospheric CO2 dynamics. Analysis of power flow and demand for the grid, as well as power models for microgrids and off-grid systems. Provides resource and power generation for hydro power, wind power, and solar power. |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| URL: | https://www.r-project.org/ |
| LazyData: | true |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Packaged: | 2018-05-14 22:37:46 UTC; acevedo |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.10) |
| Repository: | CRAN |
| Date/Publication: | 2018-05-16 14:01:38 UTC |
Renewable Power Systems and the Environment
Description
Supports calculations and visualization for renewable power systems and the environment. Analysis and graphical tools for DC and AC circuits and their use in electric power systems. Analysis and graphical tools for thermodynamic cycles and heat engines, supporting efficiency calculations in coal-fired power plants, gas-fired power plants. Supports carbon emissions and atmospheric CO2 dynamics. Grid, microgrids, and off-grid. Hydro power, wind power, and solar power.
Details
The DESCRIPTION file:
| Package: | renpow |
| Type: | Package |
| Title: | Renewable Power Systems and the Environment |
| Version: | 0.1-1 |
| Date: | 2018-05-09 |
| Author: | Miguel F. Acevedo |
| Maintainer: | Miguel F. Acevedo <acevedo@unt.edu> |
| Description: | Supports calculations and visualization for renewable power systems and the environment. Analysis and graphical tools for DC and AC circuits and their use in electric power systems. Analysis and graphical tools for thermodynamic cycles and heat engines, supporting efficiency calculations in coal-fired power plants, gas-fired power plants. Calculations of carbon emissions and atmospheric CO2 dynamics. Analysis of power flow and demand for the grid, as well as power models for microgrids and off-grid systems. Provides resource and power generation for hydro power, wind power, and solar power. |
| License: | GPL (>=2) |
| URL: | https://www.r-project.org/ |
| LazyData: | true |
Index of help topics:
AC.DC.AC AC-DC and DC-AC in the time domain ACcircuits AC in the time and frequency domain ACharmonics AC Harmonic Distortion ACpower AC power in the time and frequency domain ASTMG173 Dataset: ASTM G173-03 standard AirCvCpTK Dataset: Specific heat of air vs temperature CO2data Dataset: CO2 monthly and annualy CpCvT Dataset: Specific heat of air vs Temp Cseq Carbon Sequestration DCcircuits DC circuits and power calculations ERCOT Dataset: ERCOT demand for year 2010 GlobTempAnom Dataset: Global Surface Temperature Anomaly TEODP2017 Dataset: Example of wind speed at two heights Tides Datasets: Tidal Harmonic Components WaveHsTp Dataset: Wave Duration generator Three-phase generator grid Electrical Power Grid hydrology Hydro Power Hydrology functions hydropower Hydroelectric Power Functions magnetic.circuits Magnetic circuit calculations panels.plots Plot utilities pow.work Mechanical power and work renpow-package Renewable Power Systems and the Environment solarpower Solar Power Functions tau.bd Dataset: monthly tau and bd for a location test100 Dataset: simple example for 100 data points thermodynamics Thermodynamic paths and cycles tidalpower Tidal Power Functions transformer Transformer Circuits wavepower Wave Power Functions windpower Wind Power calculations and statistics
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo
Maintainer: Miguel F. Acevedo <acevedo@unt.edu>
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
AC power in the time and frequency domain
Description
Calculates and plots AC power in the domain and phasors. Includes complex number calculations.
Usage
inst.pow.calc(x, freq = 60, nc = 2)
inst.pow.plot(x, rms = FALSE, freq = 60, nc = 2)
inst.pow.leg(ang, lab, ym, w, units, pf)
complex.pow.calc(xc, dig = 2, res = TRUE)
complex.pow.plot(cp)
complex.pow.tri(cp)
pf.corr(P, V, pf, pfc, w = 377, dig = 2)
pf.corr.tri(xpfc)
Arguments
x |
list of voltage and current phasors |
freq |
frequency in Hz |
nc |
number of cycles to calculate and/or plot |
rms |
logical to decide to plot the rms value |
ang |
angles for legend |
lab |
label for legend |
ym |
magnitude for legend |
w |
angular frequency for legend and for pf correction |
units |
units for legend |
pf |
power factor for legend of inst.pow.leg or to be corrected by pf.corr |
xc |
list with voltage, current, and phase angle |
dig |
number of digits to round complex power |
res |
logical to print results of complex power |
cp |
output of complex power; a list |
P |
real power for pf correction |
V |
voltage for pf correction |
pfc |
target power factor |
xpfc |
output of pf.corr; a list |
Details
inst.pow.calc calculates time domain isntantaneous power given current and voltage phasors. Its output is passed to inst.pow.plot. inst.pow.plot produces time domain plots given current and voltage phasors. It uses inst.pow.leg to display legend
Value
w |
angular frequency in rad/s |
vm |
array of magnitude |
ang |
array of angle |
pf |
power factor |
pavg |
average power |
t |
time sequence |
v.i |
matrix with voltage and current as a function of time |
p |
instantaneous power or power as a function of time |
units |
units for complex power result |
S |
apparent power |
theta |
phase angle |
P |
real power |
Q |
reactive power |
pf |
power factor |
prnt |
string to print results |
cp |
complex power output of pf.corr |
cpc |
complex power after correction |
y |
Voltage,current, and corrected params |
Note
Functions used in Chapter Chapter 8 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Irwin, J.D. and R.M. Nelms. 2011. Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis. 11th edition. 2011: Wiley.
See Also
Power electronics functions ac.plot.rect, rectifier, inverter
Examples
# power resistor
vm=170; R=10
x <- list(c(vm,0),c(vm/R,0))
inst.pow.plot(x)
# power capacitor
w <- 377; v.s <- c(170,0)
C=1000*10^-6
# current response
i.res <- c(v.s[1]*(w*C),v.s[2]+90)
x <- list(v.s,i.res)
inst.pow.plot(x)
# calc complex power
V.s=c(170,10); Z.p=c(10,20)
I.p <- div.polar(V.s,Z.p)
V <- V.s[1]/sqrt(2); I <- I.p[1]/sqrt(2)
theta <- V.s[2]-I.p[2]
cp <- complex.pow.calc(list(V,I,theta))
# pf correction
P=5; V=240; I=40; pfc=0.9
pf <- P*1000/(V*I)
# call pf correction function
pfcorr <- pf.corr(P,V,pf,pfc)
# visualize
pf.corr.tri(pfcorr)
AC in the time and frequency domain
Description
Calculates and plots AC sinusoidal waves in the time domain and phasors. Includes complex number calculations.
Usage
waves(x, f = 60, nc = 2)
ac.plot(v.t, v.lab = "v(t)", v.units = "V", y.lab = "v(t)[V]", rms = FALSE)
phasor.plot(v.p, v.lab = "V", v.units = "V", lty.p = NULL)
polar(rec)
recta(pol)
mult.polar(x1,x2)
div.polar(x1,x2)
horiz.lab(nw, ym, tmax, ymax, units, yrms, rms)
wave.leg(nw, ang, lab, ym, w, units)
phas.leg(np, mag, ang, lab, units, lty.p)
gridcir(rmax)
sinplot(xlab, ylab)
arc(mag, ang)
rot.fig(vp,v.lab="wt")
admit(Z.r)
vector.phasor(V, I)
Arguments
x |
AC variable given as a list of arrays. Each array contains two entries: magnitude and phase |
f |
Frequency in Hz, default 60 Hz |
nc |
Number of cycles to calculate and plot, default 2 cycles |
v.t |
Values of AC variable at time intervals calculated using waves |
v.lab |
Label for variable in time domain plot or phasor plot; time domain would typically include (t) and phasor would be upper case; also specifies label for angle in rot.fig |
v.units |
Units for variable in time domain plot or phasor plot; time domain would typically include (t) and phasor would be upper case |
y.lab |
Label for y axis composed of variable label and units |
rms |
Logical for whether the RMS value is added to the plot |
v.p |
Phasors to plot |
lty.p |
set of line types for plot and type of line for legend |
rec |
argument to polar array of rectangular coord |
pol |
argument to rect: array of magnitude and angle |
x1, x2 |
complex numbers to multiply or divide by mult.polar and div.polar |
nw |
number of waves to assign horizontal lines |
ym |
magnitude array |
tmax |
max x axis value |
ymax |
max y axis value |
units |
units for lines and for legend |
yrms |
rms value to be used in y axis |
ang |
angle of waves or phasors |
lab |
label for legend |
w |
angular frequency for legend |
np |
number of phasors for legend |
mag |
magnitude of waves or phasors |
rmax |
max extent of polar grid for gridcir |
xlab |
xaxis label for sinplot |
ylab |
yaxis label for sinplot |
vp |
voltage for rot fig |
Z.r |
impedance in rectangular form |
V |
Voltage |
I |
Current |
Details
Waves is first used to calculate values for time and the variable. Then the object creted by wave is used by ac.plot. Functions polar() and recta() allow polar and rect conversion specifying phasors as arrays. Function mult.polar and div.polar are used for multiplication and division of phasors. Function horiz.lab plots horizontal lines with labels for magnitude and rms. Used mostly by other renpow functions. Function wave.leg and phas.leg write out waves and phasors for legend. Used mostly by other renpow functions. Function gridcir draws a polar grid. Used mostly by other renpow functions. Function arc draws an arc from 0 degrees to a phasor line specified by mag and ang. Used mostly by other renpow functions. Function admit calculates admittance given the impedance in rectagular form. Function vector.phasor specifies volatge and current phasors for plotting.
Value
Function waves:
w |
angular frequency |
t |
time values |
nw |
number of waves |
ym |
magnitude values |
ang |
ang |
y |
values |
yrms |
rms values |
Note
Functions used in Chapter 5, 8, and 10 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo Acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Irwin, J.D. and R.M. Nelms. 2011. Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis. 11th edition. 2011: Wiley.
See Also
Power electronics functions ac.plot.rect, rectifier, inverter
Examples
# from Chapter 5
# one wave show phase angle
x <- list(c(170,30)); v.t <- waves(x); ac.plot(v.t)
# two waves different magnitude and phase
x <- list(c(170,0),c(160,30)); v.t <- waves(x);
v.lab <- c("v1(t)","v2(t)"); v.units <- rep("V",2)
ac.plot(v.t,v.lab,v.units)
# one phasor
v.p <- list(c(170,10)); phasor.plot(v.p)
# phasors phase difference
v.units <- rep("V",2)
v.lab <- c("V1","V2")
# V1 leads V2
v.p <- list(c(170,70),c(170,50))
phasor.plot(v.p,v.lab,v.units)
# rect to polar
polar(c(2,1))
# polar to rect
recta(c(2,45))
# multiplication
x <- polar(c(1,2))
y <- polar(c(2,3))
mult.polar(x,y)
# from Chapter 8
# nodal analysis
Y1 <- 1/(5+5i); Y2 <- 1/(5+5i); Y3 <- 1/(10+10i)
Y <- matrix(c(Y1+Y2,-Y2,-Y2,Y3+Y2),ncol=2,byrow=TRUE)
Is <- c(1+0i,0+0i)
Vn <- solve(Y,Is)
VpIp <- vector.phasor(Vn,Is)
phasor.plot(VpIp$VI, c("V1","V2","Is1","Is2"),
c("V","V","A","A"),lty.p=c(2,2,1,1))
AC-DC and DC-AC in the time domain
Description
Calculates and plots AC sinusoidal waves in the time domain and phasors.
Usage
rectifier(v.t, full = FALSE)
ac.plot.rect(V.t, v.lab = "v(t)", v.units = "V", y.lab = "v(t)[V]", rms = FALSE)
inverter(x)
Arguments
v.t |
Values of AC variable at time intervals calculated using waves |
full |
Logical to use full wave rectifier |
V.t |
output of rectifier |
v.lab |
Label for variable in time domain plot or phasor plot; time domain would typically include (t) and phasor would be upper case |
v.units |
Units for variable in time domain plot or phasor plot; time domain would typically include (t) and phasor would be upper case |
y.lab |
Label for y axis composed of variable label and units |
rms |
Logical for whether the RMS value is addedd to the plot |
x |
list(f,vin,nc): frequency, input voltage, number of cycles |
Details
Calculations of basic power electronics devices
Value
V.t |
output of rectifier list(w,t,nw,ym,ang,y,yrms,yavg) |
vtr |
Values of rectified AC variable at time intervals calculated using rectifier |
Note
Used in Chapter 5 of Acevedo 2018
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Irwin, J.D. and R.M. Nelms. 2011. Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis. 11th edition. 2011: Wiley.
See Also
AC functions ac.plot, phasor.plot, waves
Examples
# rectified wave
v.AC <- list(c(170,0))
v.t <- waves(v.AC,nc=4)
V.t <- rectifier(v.t)
ac.plot.rect(V.t)
# inverter
x <- list(f=60,vin=170,nc=2)
inverter(x)
Dataset: ASTM G173-03 standard
Description
ASTM G173-03 standard
Usage
data("ASTMG173")
Format
list with location, lat-long-elev, and two columns for tau (b, d)
Details
Optical depth
Source
ASTM. ASTM G173 - 03(2012), 2017. Standard Tables for Reference Solar Spectral Irradiances: Direct Normal and Hemispherical on 37 deg Tilted Surface. Accessed November 2017. Available from: https://www.astm.org/Standards/G173.htm
Gueymard, C.A., 2004. The sun's total and spectral irradiance for solar energy applications and solar radiation models. Solar Energy 76(4):423-453.
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
X <- ASTMG173
Dataset: Specific heat of air vs temperature
Description
Specific heat of air vs absolute temperature
Usage
data("AirCvCpTK")Format
Three columns text file with header
Details
Used to estimate coefficients of Cp and Cv vs T
Source
data from https://www.ohio.edu/mechanical/thermo/property_tables/air/air_Cp_Cv.html
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
AirCvCpTK
Dataset: CO2 monthly and annualy
Description
Atmospheric CO2 monthly and annualy
Usage
data("CO2monthly")
data("CO2annual")
Format
CO2 monthly is CO2 expressed as a mole fraction in dry air, micromol/mol, abbreviated as ppm a record has: year, month,decimal-date, average, interpolated, trend-season-corr, days For instance: 1958 3 1958.208 315.71 315.71 314.62 -1 CO2 annual has three values Year, Avg, Uncorrected
Details
CO2 monthly and annual
Source
NOAA. Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. 2017. NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division. Accessed June 2017. URL: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
data(CO2monthly)
Dataset: Specific heat of air vs Temp
Description
Specific heat of air vs Temp
Usage
data("CpCvT")Format
Three columns text file with header
Details
Used to estimate coeffiicents of Cp and Cv vs T
Source
data from https://www.ohio.edu/mechanical/thermo/property_tables/air/air_Cp_Cv.html
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
X <- CpCvT
DC circuits and power calculations
Description
Calculates and plots DC V-I response as well as transient response
Usage
resistor(V,R)
ivplane(x, x0 = FALSE, y0 = FALSE)
diode(V)
vsource(Voc,Rs)
isource(Isc,Rp)
PVcell(x.PVcell)
PVcell.plot(y.PVcell)
eff.pow(x.eff.pow)
transient(ys, tau, ylabel, yslabel)
fuel.cell(x.fcell)
Arguments
V |
Voltage |
R |
Resistance |
x |
Result of function resistor, diode, vsource, or isource |
x0 |
Logical argument to plot2axis |
y0 |
Logical argument to plot2axis |
Voc |
Open circuit voltage |
Rs |
Series resistance |
Isc |
Short circuit current |
Rp |
Parallel resistance |
x.PVcell |
list(I0.A, Isc.A, Area, Rs, Rp, Light) |
y.PVcell |
output of PVcell |
x.eff.pow |
list(Rth,Voc) |
ys |
Source for transient calculation |
tau |
Time constant |
ylabel |
y axis label for transient plots |
yslabel |
Source label for transient plots |
x.fcell |
list(area.cm2,Rload.ohm) |
Details
Object x contains all the calculated values which can be passed to function ivplane to plot the graphs.
Value
V |
Voltage |
I |
Current |
P |
Power |
txt |
labels |
Light |
Light levels from PVcell |
Note
Functions used in Chapter 3 and Chapter 5 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Irwin, J.D. and R.M. Nelms. 2011. Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis. 11th edition. 2011: Wiley.
Examples
# from Chapter 3
# resistors
V <- seq(-0.2,1,0.01) # volts
x <- resistor(V,R=1)
ivplane(x)
# diode
V <- seq(-0.1,0.6,0.01) # volts
x <- diode(V)
ivplane(x)
# voltage source
x <- vsource(Voc=24,Rs=1)
ivplane(x)
# current source
x <- isource(Isc=20,Rp=1)
ivplane(x)
# PV cell
x <- list(I0.A=1, Isc.A=40, Area=100, Rs=0.05, Rp=1, Light=1)
# units: I0.A pA/cm2 Isc.A mA/cm2 Area cm2 Rs ohm Rp ohm
X <- PVcell(x)
ivplane(X,x0=TRUE,y0=TRUE)
# efficiency of power transfer
x <- list(Rth=1,Voc=24)
eff.pow(x)
# from Chapter 5
# RC circuit transient
R=0.2;C=1 # Mohm and uF
transient(ys=12,tau=R*C,ylabel="Vc(t) [V]",yslabel="Vs [V]")
# RL circuit transient
R=20;L=1; # kohm and mH
transient(ys=12/R,tau=L/R,ylabel="iL(t) [A]",yslabel="Vs/R [V]")
# Chapter 6 fuel cells
x <- list(area.cm2=15,Rload.ohm=NA)
fuel.cell(x)
x <- list(area.cm2=15,Rload.ohm=0.5)
fuel.cell(x)
Dataset: ERCOT demand for year 2010
Description
ERCOT load year 2010 by region
Usage
data("ERCOT2010")
data("ERCOT2010.01")
Format
Day and Hour, follwoed by demand for 8 regions, and demand total ERCOT Header: Hour_End COAST EAST FAR_WEST NORTH NORTH_C SOUTHERN SOUTH_C WEST ERCOT Example of record: 1/1/2010 1:00 7775.679969 1238.21679 1237.781607 950.698047 12406.20808 2467.652377 5032.076127 1059.772842 32168.08584
Details
Example demand grid
Source
ERCOT. Hourly Load Data Archives. 2017. Accessed October 2017. Available from: http://www.ercot.com/gridinfo/load/load_hist
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
data(ERCOT2010.01)
Dataset: Global Surface Temperature Anomaly
Description
Global Surface Annual Temp Anomaly
Usage
data("GlobTempAnom")
Format
Year, average, and Five-year Avg For instance: 1880 -0.20 -0.13
Details
Global Surface Temp
Source
NASA. Global Climate Change. Vital Signs of the Planet. 2017. Accessed June 2017. Available from: http://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/global-temperature/
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
data(GlobTempAnom)
Hydroelectric Power Functions
Description
Basic calculations in hydroelectric power generation
Usage
P.hA(x)
P.Qh(x)
Pmax.Qh(x)
Pe.Pw(x)
Pmax.Qh.plot(x)
turbine.regions(type)
turbine.regions.all()
pipe.loss(pipe)
Arguments
x |
a list with possible h, A, Q, nu, plab: head, cross-area, flow, efficiency,label |
type |
a turbine type from 'kaplan', 'francis', 'pelton', 'crossflow', 'slh' |
pipe |
a list Q, d, L, mat: flow, diameter, length, and material. Component mat is one of 'pvc', 'concrete', 'steel', 'galvanized', 'poly' |
Details
Basic calculations of hydropower
Value
X |
result of P.hA(x) is array with Head(m),Vel(m/s),Area(m2),Flow(m3/s), and Power(in kW or MW) |
X |
result of P.Qh(x) is array with Head(m),Flow(m3/s),and Power(in kW or MW) |
X |
result of Pmax.Qh(x) is array with Gross head (m),Net head (m),,Flow(m3/s),and Power(in kW or MW) |
X |
result of Pe.Pw(x) is array with GrossHead(m),NetHead(m),Flow(m3/s),Press(kPa),Eff, PowWater9in kW or MW), and PowGen(in kW or MW) |
X |
result of pipe.loss(pipe) is array with Head loss(m), and Roughness |
Note
Functions used in Chapter 12 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
# head 3 m and cross-sectional area of 2 m2
x <- list(h=3,A=2); P.hA(x)
x <- list(Q=1000,h=15); Pmax.Qh(x)
x <- list(Q=1000,h=15,nu=0.9); Pe.Pw(x)
x <- list(h=1,Q=100); P.Qh(x)
x <- list(Q=1000,h=15,plab="A"); Pmax.Qh.plot(x)
turbine.regions(type='francis')
x <- list(Q=0.01,d=0.075,L=200,mat='pvc')
hL <- pipe.loss(x)[1,1]
x <- list(h=30-hL,Q=0.01,nu=0.9)
P.Qh(x)
Hydro Power Hydrology functions
Description
Hydrological calculations in hydroelectric power generation
Usage
area.vol(xav)
model.flow(mf)
flow.plot(flow, label)
flow.exc.plot(flow, exc, label)
exceed(flow)
annual.avg(mf, nyrs)
Arguments
xav |
area.vol is a list(H,B,W,L) H pool elevation (m), B bottom elevation (m), W width (km), L tail length (km) |
mf |
list(base.flow,peak.flow,day.peak,length.season,variab,coef) |
flow |
flow time series resulting from model.flow |
label |
label for flow |
exc |
exceedance levels as a result of exceed |
nyrs |
number of years |
Details
Basic hydrological calculations for hydropower
Value
X |
list(y,proby, prob, Q, Prob.Qmean, prob.Q) |
flow |
flow time series from model.flow |
Xtm |
annual avg of flow time series from model.flow |
Note
Functions used in Chapter 12 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
x <- list(H=130,B=100,W=10,L=100)
area.vol(x)
x <- list(base.flow=20,peak.flow=100,day.peak=200,length.season=90,
variab=c(0.01,2),coef=c(0.4,0.3,0.2,0.1))
flow <- model.flow(x)
flow.plot(flow,label="Simulated flow (m3/s)")
exc <- exceed(flow)
exc$prob.Q
flow.exc.plot(flow,exc,label="Simulated flow (m3/s)")
Solar Power Functions
Description
Basic calculations in solar power generation including irradiance and sun path
Usage
I0.orbit(leap = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
days.mo(day, leap = FALSE)
declination(leap=FALSE,plot=TRUE)
sun.elev(xdec,lat,plot=TRUE)
read.tau(file)
beam.diffuse(dat,plot=TRUE)
I0.blackbody(T.sun, wl.nm, plot = TRUE)
spectral(X, label, wl.lim.nm, T.sun, plot.surf = FALSE)
useful.waste(I0.bb)
sun.path(lat, nday, plot = TRUE)
sun.diagram(lat)
collector(Ibd, sunpath, tilt, azi.c, fr, label = "")
month.prod(dat)
tilt.adj(lat, days, labels)
one.axis.tracking(dat, mode = "PNS")
two.axis.tracking(dat)
Arguments
leap |
logical to use a leap year |
plot |
logical to plot |
day |
day of the year for a given day in the month |
xdec |
result from declination |
lat |
latitude |
file |
filename |
T.sun |
temp sun |
wl.nm |
wavelength in nm |
X |
data read from file |
label |
label for plot |
wl.lim.nm |
limits for wavelength |
plot.surf |
logical plot together with surface data |
dat |
data from file |
I0.bb |
output from I0.blackbody |
nday |
day number |
Ibd |
Irradiance: direct beam and diffuse |
sunpath |
elev and azimuth from the output of sun.path |
tilt |
collector tilt angle |
azi.c |
orientation of collector |
fr |
fraction reflected |
days |
days |
labels |
labels |
mode |
tracking mode |
Details
Basic calculations of solar power
Value
I0 |
result of I0.orbit: values of daily ET solar irradinace |
day.mo |
result of day.month: day numbers beginning at day |
dec |
result of declination: ne equinox day and values of daily declination |
elev |
result of sun elev: ne equinox day, latitude, and and values of daily sun elev |
tau |
list(loc, lat.long.elev, tau) |
Ibd |
list(day21.mo,tau,air.mass,lat,Ib,Id,Id.Ib) |
I0.bb |
list lambda,I.sun.nm,I0 |
sunpath |
list nday, hr.noon, azi, elev |
Ic |
list(Ib,Id,Ibc,Idc,Irc,Ic,I.h) |
Note
Functions used in Chapter 14 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
See Also
DC circuits PVcell, PVcell.plot
Examples
I0.orbit()
declination()
x <- declination(plot=FALSE)
sun.elev(x,lat=32.9)
tau <- tauGolden
# or alternatively
# tau <- read.tau(system.file("extdata","tauGolden.csv",package="renpow"))
Ibd <- beam.diffuse(tau)
I0.blackbody(T.sun=5800,wl.nm=seq(150,2500))
Dataset: Example of wind speed at two heights
Description
Example summer 2017 TEO station at DP campus. Includes wind speed at two heights, air temp two heigths, BP, RH, Wind dir
Usage
data("TEODP2017")Format
Text file with header x specifying the variable name
Details
Example for wind speed height calibration
Source
http://teo.unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
v1.v2 <- TEODP2017[,c(1,8,4)]
Datasets: Tidal Harmonic Components
Description
Harmonic components for tides
Usage
data("ElevationTide")
data("VelocityTide")
data("EastportTide")
data("CutlerFarrisTide")
data("PortAransasTide")
data("AnchorageTide")
Format
Harmonic components
Details
Tidal calculations
Source
National Ocean Service. Currents, Tidal Currents 1. 2017. NOAA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Accessed October 2017. Available from: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_currents/02tidal1.html.
NOAA. Harmonic Constituents - Station Selection. 2017. NOAA. Accessed OCtober 2017. Available from: https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/stations.html?type=Harmonic+Constituents.
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
data(ElevationTide)
data(VelocityTide)
Tidal Power Functions
Description
Calculations in tidal power generation
Usage
read.tide(file)
harmonics.tide(x, days, ylabel, plot)
power.barrage.cycle(xba)
find.peaks(tz, band)
tide.current.abs(tz, ylabel, plot)
tidal.power(tz, Aflow)
Arguments
file |
filename for tide files in extdata |
x |
a tidal dataset read from file |
days |
number of days |
ylabel |
label for y axis of plot default for harmonics.tide is "Tide wrt MSL (m)" default for tide.current.abs is "Current abs (m/s)" |
plot |
logical to decide to plot default is TRUE |
xba |
list(a,Abasin,z,nu): a center of mass at half the tidal range, Abasin tidal basin area, z tidal cycle range, nu efficiency |
tz |
time and tide height in tidal signal produced by harmonics.tide or rectified by tide.current.abs |
band |
threshold band to find peaks |
Aflow |
cross section area for tidal power generation |
Details
Basic calculations for tidal power
Value
X |
list(t,z,x) tide time series |
X |
list(xp,tp,range) |
X |
list(pow.tide.MW,pow.gen.MW,gen.MWh) |
Note
Functions used in Chapter 12 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
# using extdata
x <- read.tide(system.file("extdata","AnchorageTide.csv",package = "renpow"))
harmonics.tide(x,days=29)
x <- read.tide(system.file("extdata","VelocityTide.csv",package="renpow"))
y <- harmonics.tide(x, days=15,ylabel="Velocity m/s)")
tide.current.abs(y, ylabel="Velocity (abs val) (m/s)", plot=TRUE)
y <- harmonics.tide(x, days=365,ylabel="Velocity m/s)",plot=FALSE)
z <- tide.current.abs(y, ylabel="Current abs (m/s)", plot=TRUE)
tidal.power(z,Aflow=1)
x <- read.tide(system.file("extdata","ElevationTide.csv",package="renpow"))
y <- harmonics.tide(x,days=29)
y <- harmonics.tide(x,days=365)
z <- find.peaks(y, band=c(0,1))
Wave Power Functions
Description
Calculations in wave power generation
Usage
generate.duration(file)
powflux.wave(Hs, Tp)
wave.contour(X,label,sum, sumlabel)
duration.wave(datafile, file=TRUE)
energy.wave(Pflux, D)
energy.gen(Ew, L, nu)
Arguments
datafile |
either a data file name or a renpow dataset |
file |
a logical to decide between a data file or a dataset |
Hs |
height in HsTp matrix |
Tp |
duration in HsTp matrix |
X |
Object to plot as contour; can be Pflux, Ew, or Eg |
Pflux |
Power flux produced by powflux.wave function |
Ew |
Energy produced by energy.wave function |
label |
label for plot; the default is "" |
sum |
logical default TRUE |
sumlabel |
label for sum; the default is "" |
D |
duration produced by duration.wave function |
L |
length of structure or energy conversion device |
nu |
efficiency |
Details
Basic calculations for wave power
Value
Eg |
Energy produced by energy.gen function |
Note
Functions used in Chapter 12 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
Pflux <- powflux.wave(Hs=seq(1,10),Tp=seq(5,20))
wave.contour(X=Pflux,label="Power flux (kW/m)")
D <- duration.wave(WaveHsTp,file=FALSE)
# alternatively using file in extdata
# D <- duration.wave(system.file("extdata","WaveHsTp.csv",package="renpow"))
wave.contour(X=D,label="Duration (hrs/yr)")
Ew <- energy.wave(Pflux,D)
wave.contour(X=Ew,label="Energy flux (MWh/yr/m)",sum=TRUE,sumlabel="(MWh/yr/m)")
Eg <- energy.gen(Ew,L=30,nu=0.4)
wave.contour(X=Eg,label="Energy produced (MWh/yr)",sum=TRUE,sumlabel="(MWh/yr)")
Dataset: Wave Duration
Description
Hypothetical wave duration
Usage
data("WaveHsTp")
Format
matrix Hs (rows) and Tp (columns)
Details
Hypothetical data for wave power calculations
Source
Hypothetical data
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
data(WaveHsTp)
Wind Power calculations and statistics
Description
Basic calculations in wind power generation
Usage
pow.rho.v3.table(x)
pow.rho.v3(xw)
rho.pT.air(pT)
rho.zT.air(zT)
pow.v3.plot(x)
pow.wind(pw)
v.H(vh)
betz()
cal.vH(calvh)
weibull.plot(xmax,scale,shape)
cdf.plot(rv,xlab,ylab)
fit.wind(xd,vlabel)
pow.class(wc)
power.curve(pc)
prob.power.curve(pc,avg)
wind.energy(pc,Pow,avg)
Arguments
x |
a list with possible list(rho= density, v=wind speed and A=cross-section area) |
xw |
list(rho=array of density values,v=array of wind speed values, A=cross-section area) |
pT |
a list(p,T.C,punit) |
zT |
list(z=1000, T.C=20, punit="bar", lapse=6) |
pw |
list with z, array T.C, array v, punit press unit,lapse,yleg,ylabel |
vh |
list with array alpha exponent , and array rough of roughness coeffs |
calvh |
list with list(v1.v2=v1.v2,H1=2,H2=10) |
xmax |
max x value for Weibull |
scale |
parameter |
shape |
parameter |
rv |
data var for cumulative distribution function |
xlab |
label x axis |
ylab |
label y axis |
wc |
wind speed for wind class chart |
xd |
wind data object from two anemometers |
vlabel |
label for graph |
pc |
a list cutin, vrated, cutout, A, v |
avg |
avg wind speed for prop.power.curve and wind.energy |
Pow |
result of power curve and used as argument to wind energy |
Details
Basic calculations of wind power
Value
X1 |
result of pow.rho.v3.table is list(X,P) |
X2 |
result of pow.rho.v3 is list(rho=,v=,Pow=) |
X3 |
result of rho.pT.air is array with c("Pressure(kPa)","Temp(C)","Density(kg/m3)") |
X4 |
result of rho.zT.air is list(X,rho) |
X5 |
result of v.H is v.v0.exp and v.v0.log |
X6 |
result of cal.vH alpha exponent, and array rough of roughness coeffs |
X7 |
result of pow.class is list(Pow.x,class.x) |
X8 |
result of pow.curve is list(Pow, z,P.rated) |
X9 |
result of prob.power.curve is hours in various ranges list(h.cutin,h.cutout,h.rated.nstop, h.run.below.rated) |
X10 |
result of wind.energy is list(energy,unit,CF) |
Note
Functions used in Chapter 13 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
x <- list(rho=1.225,v=10,A=1); pow.rho.v3.table(x)
x <- list(rho=c(0.9,1,1.1,1.225,1.3),v=seq(0,10),A=1)
X <- pow.rho.v3(x)
x <- list(v=X$v,y=X$rho,Pow=X$Pow,yleg="rho",ylabel="Density(kg/m3)")
pow.v3.plot(x)
x <- list(z=1000, T.C=10, punit="bar")
rho.zT.air(x)
x <- list(z=100, T.C=30, punit="bar")
rho.zT.air(x)
x <- list(z=1000, T.C=c(10,20,30), v=seq(0,30),punit="bar",
lapse=6,yleg="T.C",ylabel="Temperature (C)")
pow.wind(x)
x <- list(alpha=c(0.1,0.25,0.4),rough=c(0.1,0.4,1.6))
v.H(x)
Electrical Power Grid
Description
Electric power systems calculations including buses and loads
Usage
infinite.bus(x)
seg.ts(Xts,dh0,dhf,var)
series.plot(x.t)
daily.min.max(x.t.y, ylabel, inst.cap, inst.lab)
load.duration(x.t.y, inst.cap, inst.lab)
Arguments
x |
parameters for infinite bus a list(V,X,E,delta):V Voltage, X Reactance, E array of electromotive force, delta array of angle delta |
Xts |
data frame with ts values |
dh0 |
intial time stamp |
dhf |
final time stamp |
var |
variable number to select |
x.t |
time series to plot |
x.t.y |
load time series for daily.min.max plots and load-duration curve |
ylabel |
label for min max |
inst.cap |
array of installed capacities |
inst.lab |
array of labels for installed capacities |
Details
infinite.bus uses a fixed V and X, and plots the effect of a set of E and angle delta daily.min.max draws a plot showing daily maximum and minimum along with horizontal lines for installed capacities load.duration builds a load-duration curve and calculate CF for daily load data and a set of generation capacities
Value
Hours |
number of hours for each class |
energy |
total energy under curve |
possible |
possible utilization for each class |
utilization |
actual utilization for each class |
CF |
capacity factor for each class |
Note
Functions used in Chapter 11 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
x <- list(V=13.8,X=1,E=seq(14,16,1),delta=seq(6,30,1))
infinite.bus(x)
X <- ERCOT2010
x.t <- seg.ts(X,dh0="1/1/2010 1:00",dhf="1/1/2011 0:00",c(1:9))$x.t
# week day Monday Jan 04 2010
x.t.wd.wt <- seg.ts(X,dh0="1/4/2010 0:00",dhf="1/4/2010 23:00",c(1,5,7))$x.t.seg
series.plot(x.t.wd.wt)
# week Sunday Jan 24 to Saturday Jan 30 2010
x.t.wd.wt <- seg.ts(X,dh0="1/24/2010 0:00",dhf="1/30/2010 23:00",c(1,5,7))$x.t.seg
series.plot(x.t.wd.wt)
# NORTH_C
x.t.y <- x.t[,5]; ylabel <- colnames(x.t)[5]; inst.cap <- c(10000,8000,8000) #MW
inst.lab <- c("Baseload","Intermediate", "Peaking")
daily.min.max(x.t.y,ylabel,inst.cap,inst.lab)
x.t.y <- x.t[,5]
inst.cap <- c(10000,8000,8000) # MW
inst.lab <- c("Baseload","Intermediate", "Peaking")
load.duration(x.t.y, inst.cap,inst.lab)
AC Harmonic Distortion
Description
Calculates harmonic distortion
Usage
harmonic(x, harm.odd, lab.units)
Arguments
x |
list of arrays c(mag,phase) with fundamental magnitude and phase |
harm.odd |
fraction of odd harmonics with respect to the fundamental |
lab.units |
label for units |
Details
Function harmonic performs calculations and plots, including odd harmonics and THD.
Value
t |
Time sequence |
Itot |
Total currents |
Isum |
Sum of currents in neutral |
THD |
Total Harmonic Distortion |
Note
Functions used in Chapter 10 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
See Also
AC waves and plots ac.plot, phasor.plot, waves three-phase generator
Examples
# single phase harmonics
x <- list(c(10,0)); harm.odd <- list(c(0.2,0.1,0.05)); lab.units <- "I [A]"
y <- harmonic(x,harm.odd,lab.units)
# three-phase harmonics
x <- list(c(10,0),c(10,-120),c(10,120))
harm.odd <- list(c(0.2,0.1,0.05),c(0.2,0.1,0.05),c(0.2,0.1,0.05))
lab.units <- "I [A]"
y <- harmonic(x,harm.odd,lab.units)
Magnetic circuit calculations
Description
Calculates magnetic elements and circuits
Usage
reluctance(x)
inductor(x)
flux(x)
Arguments
x |
argument to reluctance or to inductance. For reluctance it is a list of one or more arrays; for instance, one array c(mu,l,A) where mu is relative permeability, l is path length, and A is cross-area. For inductance it is a list(N,rel) where N is number of turns and rel is reluctance For flux it is a list(N,i,rel)where N is number of turns, i is current, and rel is reluctance |
Details
Function reluctance calculates reluctance in MA-turn/Wb from mu relative permeability, l path length, and A cross-area. Function inductor calculates inductance in mH from number of turns N and reluctance Function flux calculates magnetic flux from number of turns, current, and reluctance
Value
rel |
reluctance value from reluctance, inductor, or flux functions |
prnt |
printout of reluctance,inductance, or flux including value and units |
L |
inductance value from inductor or flux functions |
mmf |
magnetomotive force or mmf |
flux |
magnetic flux value |
Note
Functions used in Chapters 5 and 10 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo Acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Irwin, J.D. and R.M. Nelms. 2011. Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis. 11th edition. 2011: Wiley.
Examples
# Chapter 5 simple inductor
mu=1000; l=1*10^-2; A=pi*(1*10^-3)^2
reluc <- reluctance(x=list(c(mu,l,A)))
reluc$prnt
ind <- inductor(x=list(N=159,rel=reluc$rel))
ind$prnt
# Chapter 10 air gaped inductor
mucore=1000; lcore=6*10^-2; Acore=1*10^-4
mugap=1; lgap=1*10^-3; Agap <- Acore
reluc <- reluctance(x=list(c(mucore,lcore,Acore),c(mugap,lgap,Agap)))
reluc$prnt
rel.eq <- reluc$rel[1]+reluc$rel[2]
ind <- inductor(x=list(N=100,rel=rel.eq))
ind$prnt
magckt <- flux(x=list(N=10,i=1,rel=rel.eq))
magckt$prnt
magckt <- flux(x=list(N=10,i=1,r=reluc$r[2]))
magckt$prnt
Plot utilities
Description
Uses layout to plot several graphs on a page and plot on two vertical axis
Usage
panels(wd, ht, rows, cols, pty, int = "r")
plot2yaxis(x, x0 = FALSE, y0 = FALSE)
Arguments
wd |
Width |
ht |
Height |
rows |
number of rows |
cols |
number of columns |
pty |
type |
int |
axis intersection |
x |
Variable x for horizontal axis and variables y1, y2 for vertical axes |
x0 |
Logical to select axis limit |
y0 |
Logical to select axis limit |
Details
Function panels makes more efficient use of space than par(mfrow)
Note
Util functions used in most chapters of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo Acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
wd=6; ht=3
panels(wd,ht,1,1,pty="m")
t <- seq(0,60,0.1)
x <- pow.work(t,pow="const",p=2)
pow.work.plot(x)
wd=7; ht=3.5
panels(wd,ht,1,2,pty="m")
# diode
V <- seq(-0.1,0.05,0.01) # volts
x <- diode(V)
ivplane(x)
V <- seq(-0.1,0.6,0.01) # volts
x <- diode(V)
ivplane(x)
Mechanical power and work
Description
Calculates and plots mechanical power and work.
Usage
pow.work(t, pow = "const", p)
pow.work.plot(x)
Arguments
t |
Values of a time sequence for calculation of power |
pow |
Mode of power calculation, constant or linear |
p |
Value of power for constant or slope for linear |
x |
power object calculated from pow.work |
Details
A call to pow.work requires three arguments: a time sequence, a type of power function such as constant or linear, and a value of power for the parameter of the function.
Value
The output of pow.work contains the values of power and work as a function of time. Then we call the plot function using its output as argument to the pow.work.plot function
t |
time sequence |
p.w |
matrix containing with power and work |
Note
Functions used in Chapter 1 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
t <- seq(0,60,0.1)
x <- pow.work(t,pow="const",p=2)
pow.work.plot(x)
x <- pow.work(t,pow="linear",p=0.025)
pow.work.plot(x)
Carbon Sequestration
Description
Simulates carbon sequestration
Usage
forest.seq(x, y)
Arguments
x |
parameters for forest growth; a list(t,B0,Bmax,nu,r): t time sequence,B0 Biomass at time zero, Bmax Maximum Biomass (parameter of Richards equation), nu Coefficient exponent to adjust shape (parameter of Richards equation), r Growth rate (parameter of Richards equation) |
y |
Specifications of power plant emissions a list(kgCO2.kWh,P,C): kgCO2.kWh kg of CO2 per kWh produced, P Power produced, C carbon content |
Details
forest.seq produces rates, area, and a plot of C forest sequestration dynamics
Value
yr.max |
time in years to achieve biomass for max rate |
B.i |
required biomass in t/ha to sequester at max rate |
max.dCO2 |
max rate |
tCO2.emiss |
carbon emission sequestered |
area |
area required |
Note
Functions used in Chapter 9 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
forest <- list(t=seq(0,100),B0=1,Bmax=150,nu=0.5,r=0.3)
plant <- list(kgCO2.kWh=0.4,P=10^9,C=1.0)
forest.seq(x=forest,y=plant)
Dataset: monthly tau and bd for a location
Description
Optical depth for a location
Usage
data("tauGolden")
data("tauAtlanta")
Format
list with location, lat-long-elev, and two columns for tau (b, d)
Details
Optical depth
Source
ASHRAE. ASHRAE Climate Data Center. 2017. Accessed November 2017. Available from: https://www.ashrae.org/resources–publications/bookstore/climate-data-center#std169.
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
tau <- tauGolden$tau
Dataset: simple example for 100 data points
Description
Hypothetical Example
Usage
data("test100")Format
Text file with header x specifying the variable name and one field per line with no separator between fields
Details
Example for scanning files
Source
acevedo
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
x100 <- test100$x
Thermodynamic paths and cycles
Description
Functions to calculate thermodynamic paths and cycles
Usage
cpcv.cal(datafile, plots = FALSE)
RefCoefAir
cp.cv(TC,ref=RefCoefAir)
fcp(TC)
fcpcv(TC)
fcv(TC)
fpv(V,p)
simpson(fun, a, b, pts = 100)
simpson.pv(nRT, a, b, pts = 100)
path.calc(x)
path.summary(y)
isochor(x)
isobar(x)
adiabat(x)
isotherm(x)
phase()
path.lines(x, plane = "Pv", shade.between = FALSE, lab.cycle = FALSE, shade.cycle = FALSE)
path.cycles(x, plane = "Pv", shade.cycle = FALSE)
path.cycles.summary(y)
Arguments
datafile |
name of file for calibration |
plots |
Logical TRUE for plot |
TC |
Temp in deg C |
ref |
Ref and Coef argument to cp.cv; default is RefCoefAir |
V |
Volume |
p |
Pressure |
fun |
function to integrate |
a |
lower bound of interval |
b |
upper bound of interval |
pts |
number of points within the interval |
nRT |
gas law to calculate pV |
x |
argument specifying the states for any of isochor, isobar, adiabat, and isotherm ptah functions. These fucntions are used internally by path.calc. Argument x of path.calc specifies states for each one of isotherm, adiabat, isochor, isobar: V, P, n, T, M, S or to path.lines shade.under is a logical and part of the x argument specification; it is used by path.lines to shade area under the curve for a given path; default=FALSE or no shade. Argument x is also an argument to path.cycles as list of states in the cycle and cycle type; "carnot", "brayton","otto","diesel","stirling","box" |
y |
argument to path.summary or to path.cycles.summary: return from any path function as list(v,V,P,T,s,S,W,Q,cv,cp,gamma,WQtot,call,nM) |
shade.between |
logical used by path.lines to shade area between to paths; default=FALSE or no shade |
lab.cycle |
logical used by path.lines to label paths as a thermodynamic cycle; default=FALSE or no cycle |
shade.cycle |
logical used by path.lines and path.cycles to shade area within a thermodynamic cycle; default=FALSE or no shade |
plane |
Thermodynamic plane "Ts" or "Pv" to draw cycle. Default is Pv |
Details
Function cpcv.cal calibrates heat capacities as a function of temperature from a datafile. Results for data file AirCvCpTK.csv (same as dataset AirCvCpTK) are stored in RefCoefAir for easy reference. The result of cpcv.cal for other files can be used for the argument ref of cp.cv. Function cp.cv calculates heat capacity at a given temperature. Simpson integrates a function and simpson.pv integrates pv work using gas law. Function path.calc arguments, V is an array with values of V1 and V2, P is array of corresponding pressure values, T can be left unspecified and calculated from P and V. Argument path declares the type of process. argument lab are labels for the initial and final states of the path. Default values are one mole of dry air with M =28.97 Other calculation modes such as providing T instead of P, to calculate temperature from pressure and volume. The call y<-path.calc(x) produces y that contains values of specific volume (m3/kg), volume (liters), pressure (bar), temperature (degC), specific heat W and work Q in kJ/kg, heat capacities in kJ/kgK, and gamma. By default there are 1001 points calculated. Function path.summary(y) provides a view of the path.calc results. Function path.lines(x)uses path.calc and helps visualize a paths x; or a list of paths, e.g., list(x1,x2) where x1 and x2 are paths. These paths could be more than 2 and form a thermodynamic cycle. Function path.cycles calculates and plots a thermodynamic cycle Function path.cycles.summary(y) provides a view of the path.cycles results
Value
TK.ref |
T ref in K |
cv.ref |
cv ref |
cpcv.ref |
cp to cv ratio ref |
cv.coef |
cv coefficents |
cpcv.coef |
cp to cv ratio coefficents |
cv |
cv per mole |
cp |
cp per mole |
cp.cv |
cp to cv ratio |
cv.kg |
cv per kg |
cp.kg |
cp per kg |
s |
integration result by Simpson method |
y |
return list from path.calc or path.cycles. Used by path.summary and by path.lines as well as by path.cycles.summary |
start.end |
start and end of path |
WQtot |
Total work and heat |
pts |
mumber of points calculated |
call=y$call |
function called |
nM |
Number of moles |
Note
Functions used in Chapter 4 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
Examples
# heat capacities at a given temperature, say 100C
cp.cv(TC=100)
# cv at the middle of a range of temperature
cp.cv(TC=(323+25)/2)$cv
# arguments: V(l), P(bar), T(C), n(mol), M(g/mol)
# default n=1,M=28.9
# example specify V and P
x <- list(V=c(24.78,NA),P=c(1,2),path='isochor',lab=c("1","2"))
y <- path.calc(x)
path.summary(y)
# specify volume and calculate pressure
x <- list(V=c(24.78,34.78),P=c(1,NA),path='isobar',lab=c("3","4"))
y <- path.calc(x)
path.summary(y)
# example specify V and T visualize the path
x <- list(V=c(10,30),T=c(30,NA),path='isotherm',lab=c("1","2"))
path.lines(x)
# visualize two paths
x1 <- list(V=c(24.78,NA),P=c(1,2),path='isochor',lab=c("1","2"))
x2 <- list(V=c(24.78,34.78),P=c(1,NA),path='isobar',lab=c("3","4"))
path.lines(list(x1,x2))
# visualize two paths and shade in between curves
x1 <- list(V=c(10,30),T=c(200,200),path='isotherm',lab=c("3","4"))
x2 <- list(V=c(10,30),T=c(30,30),path='isotherm',lab=c("1","2"))
x <- list(x1,x2)
path.lines(x,shade.between=TRUE)
# carnot cycle
x <- list(TH=200,TL=30,V1=20,V4=40,cty='carnot')
y <- path.cycles(x,shade.cycle=TRUE)
Three-phase generator
Description
Calculates three-phase generator
Usage
generator(x)
Arguments
x |
parameters for generator: list(S3p, Vl.rms, pf, lead.lag, Zs.r) where: S3p rated three-phase apparent power, V1.rms line voltage as rms, pf load power factor, lead.lag is -1 or +1, and Zs.r armature impedance in rectangular form |
Details
Function generator produces E, Vp, and Il in polar form and a phasor diagram.
Value
E.p |
electromotive force in polar form |
Vp.p |
Phase voltage generated in polar form |
Il.p |
Line current generated in polar form |
ys |
Source results |
Note
Functions used in Chapter 10 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
See Also
AC functions ac.plot, phasor.plot, waves
Examples
x <- list(S3p = 15*10^6, Vl.rms = 13.8*10^3, pf=0.85, lead.lag=-1, Zs.r = c(0.1,2))
generator(x)
x <- list(S3p = 15*10^6, Vl.rms = 13.8*10^3, pf=0.85, lead.lag=1, Zs.r = c(0.1,2))
generator(x)
Transformer Circuits
Description
Calculates tranformer circuits
Usage
xformer.ckt(x, dig = 2)
Arguments
x |
list(N,Vs.p,Zs.r,Zo.r,Zl.r): these are N turns ratio, Vs.p Voltage source in polar form, Zs.r Source impedance in rectangular form, Zo.r Output impedance in rectangular form, Zl.r Load impedance in rectangular form. |
dig |
number of digits for results |
Details
xformer.ckt transformer circuit calculations using source, impedances, and load,
Value
ys |
Source results |
yx |
Transformer results |
yl |
Load results |
prnt |
Results of transformer function for printout form |
Note
Functions used in Chapter 10 of Acevedo (2018)
Author(s)
Miguel F. Acevedo acevedo@unt.edu
References
Acevedo, M.F. 2018. Introduction to Renewable Electric Power Systems and the Environment with R. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. (ISBN 9781138197343)
See Also
AC functions ac.plot, phasor.plot, waves
Examples
x <- list(N=c(2,1),Vs.p=c(12,30),Zs.r=c(1,0),Zo.r=c(0,0),Zl.r=c(1,0))
xf <- xformer.ckt(x)