## ----setup, include = FALSE--------------------------------------------------- knitr::opts_chunk$set( collapse = TRUE, comment = "#>" ) ## ----basic-------------------------------------------------------------------- library(implied) # One column for each outcome, one row for each race or match. my_odds <- rbind(c(4.20, 3.70, 1.95), c(2.45, 3.70, 2.90), c(2.05, 3.20, 3.80)) colnames(my_odds) <- c('Home', 'Draw', 'Away') res1 <- implied_probabilities(my_odds) res1$probabilities res1$margin ## ----wpo---------------------------------------------------------------------- res2 <- implied_probabilities(my_odds, method = 'wpo') res2$probabilities # The margins applied to each outcome. res2$specific_margins ## ----or----------------------------------------------------------------------- res3 <- implied_probabilities(my_odds, method = 'or') res3$probabilities # The odds ratios converting the proper probablities to bookmaker probabilities. res3$odds_ratios ## ----power-------------------------------------------------------------------- res4 <- implied_probabilities(my_odds, method = 'power') res4$probabilities # The inverse exponents (n) used to convert the proper probablities to bookmaker probabilities. res4$exponents ## ----additive1---------------------------------------------------------------- res5 <- implied_probabilities(my_odds, method = 'additive') res5$probabilities ## ----additive2---------------------------------------------------------------- my_odds2 <- t(matrix(1/c(0.870, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.02, 0.01))) colnames(my_odds2) <- paste('X', 1:6, sep='') res6 <- implied_probabilities(my_odds2, method = 'additive') res6$probabilities ## ----shin--------------------------------------------------------------------- res7 <- implied_probabilities(my_odds, method = 'shin') res7$probabilities # The estimated proportion of inside traders. res7$zvalues ## ----bb----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Balanced books res8 <- implied_probabilities(my_odds, method = 'bb') res8$probabilities # The estimated proportion of inside traders. res8$zvalues ## ----jsd---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Balanced books res9 <- implied_probabilities(my_odds, method = 'jsd') res9$probabilities # The estimated noise (JS distance) res9$distance ## ----target_prob-------------------------------------------------------------- # Example odds. odds_reach_final <- c(1.6, 2.63, 3.3, 3.7, 5.6, 7.1, 12.5, 16.5, 25) res10 <- implied_probabilities(odds_reach_final, method = 'or', target_probability = 2) res10$probabilities sum(res10$probabilities) ## ----imp_odds1---------------------------------------------------------------- res_odds1 <- implied_odds(res4$probabilities[1,], margin = res4$margin[1], method = 'power') res_odds1$odds # The exponents. res_odds1$exponents # Compare to the exponent from the odds-to-probability conversion. res4$exponents[1]