Help for package gsw

Version:

1.2-0

Title:

Gibbs Sea Water Functions

Original algorithms and 'Matlab'/C library (c) 2015-2023 WG127 SCOR/IAPSO (Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research / International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans, Working Group 127); C wrapper code and R code (c) 2015-2023 Dan Kelley and Clark Richards

Maintainer:

Dan Kelley <dan.kelley@dal.ca>

Depends:

R (≥ 3.5.0),

Suggests:

knitr, rmarkdown, testthat

BugReports:

https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-R/issues

Description:

Provides an interface to the Gibbs 'SeaWater' ('TEOS-10') C library, version 3.06-16-0 (commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371', dated 2022-10-11, available at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C, which stems from 'Matlab' and other code written by members of Working Group 127 of 'SCOR'/'IAPSO' (Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research / International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans).

URL:

http://teos-10.github.io/GSW-R/

License:

GPL-2 | GPL-3 | file LICENSE [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2) | file LICENSE]

LazyLoad:

yes

LazyData:

Packaged:

2024-08-19 16:29:53 UTC; kelley

Encoding:

UTF-8

RoxygenNote:

7.3.2

BuildVignettes:

true

VignetteBuilder:

knitr

NeedsCompilation:

yes

Author:

Dan Kelley

[aut, cre, cph], Clark Richards

[aut, cph], WG127 SCOR/IAPSO [aut, cph] (Original 'Matlab' and derived code)

Repository:

CRAN

Date/Publication:

2024-08-19 17:40:02 UTC

R implementation of Thermodynamic Equation Of Seawater - 2010 (TEOS-10)

Description

Provides an R interface to the TEOS-10 / GSW (Gibbs Sea Water) library, partly for use by the oce package (see https://dankelley.github.io/oce/) and partly for general use. It is assumed that users are familiar with the science and methodology of GSW, and that the package vignette (obtained by typing vignette("gsw") in an R window) provides enough orientation to get users started with the gsw functions.

Details

gsw was developed using open-source methodologies, on the GitHub site (https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-R), which is part of a set of sites dedicated to GSW formulations in various languages.

The gsw system is to link R functions with the C version of the TEOS-10 library. The R function names are chosen to match those of the Matlab version of GSW, and the function arguments also match with one exception: in gsw, longitude and latitude are indicated with their full names, whereas in Matlab they are indicated with long and lat; since R permits abbreviated function arguments, the shortened names can be used in gsw as well.

The documentation for the gsw functions focuses mainly on the arguments and return values, relying on links to the TEOS-10 webpages for details.

See http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_contents.html for a list of the TEOS-10 functions and https://teos-10.github.io/GSW-R/reference/index.html for a list of the functions implemented in the present package.

Each function is tested during the building of the package, which means that results are guaranteed to match those of the equivalent Matlab functions to at least 8 digits.

A significant difference from the Matlab case is in the inspection of the dimensions of arguments. The Matlab library has rules for expanding some arguments to match others. For example, if Practical Salinity is a matrix and pressure is a single value, then that single pressure is used throughout a calculation of Absolute Salinity. This convenience is only partly mimicked in the present package. Since the underlying C code works on vectors, the R functions in gsw start by transforming the arguments accordingly. This involves using rep on each argument to get something with length matching the first argument, and, after the computation is complete, converting the return value into a matrix, if the first argument was a matrix. There are some exceptions to this, however. For example, gsw_SA_from_SP and similar functions can handle the case in which the SA argument is a matrix and longitude and latitude are vectors sized to match. This can be handy with gridded datasets. However, the careful analyst will probably prefer to avoid this and other conveniences, supplying properly-matched arguments from the outset.

Author(s)

Maintainer: Dan Kelley dan.kelley@dal.ca (ORCID) [copyright holder]

Authors:

Clark Richards clark.richards@gmail.com (ORCID) [copyright holder]
WG127 SCOR/IAPSO (Original 'Matlab' and derived code) [copyright holder]

Reshape list elements to match that of the first element

Description

This is mainly used within gsw, to ensure that arguments sent to the C functions are of equal length. This is a convenience, for processing data that often have this condition. For example, a CTD profile is likely to have many values for SP, t, and p, but just a single value for each of longitude and latitude. It is important to call argfix() to handle such cases, because otherwise the underlying C code will be looking past the end of the vectors storing longitude and latitude, which can yield odd results or even segmentation faults.

Usage

argfix(list)

Arguments

list

A list of elements, typically arguments that will be used in GSW functions.

Value

A list with all elements of same shape (length or dimension).

First Derivatives of Conservative Temperature

Description

First Derivatives of Conservative Temperature

Usage

gsw_CT_first_derivatives(SA, pt)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

pt

potential temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

Value

A list containing CT_SA [ K/(g/kg) ], the derivative of Conservative Temperature with respect to Absolute Salinity, and CT_pt [ unitless ], the derivative of Conservative Temperature with respect to potential temperature.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

The C function uses data from the library/gsw_data_v3_0.mat file provided in the GSW-Matlab source code, version 3.06-11. Unfortunately, this version of the mat file is no longer displayed on the TEOS-10.org website. Therefore, in the interests of making GSW-R be self-contained, a copy was downloaded from http://www.teos-10.org/software/gsw_matlab_v3_06_11.zip on 2022-05-25, the .mat file was stored in the developer/create_data directory of https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-R, and then the dataset used in GSW-R was created based on that .mat file.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_CT_first_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
pt <- c(28.7832, 28.4209, 22.7850, 10.2305,  6.8292,  4.3245)
r <- gsw_CT_first_derivatives(SA, pt)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT_SA,
    c(-0.041981092877806, -0.041558140199508, -0.034739209004865,
      -0.018711103772892, -0.014075941811725, -0.010571716552295)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT_pt,
    c(1.002814937296636, 1.002554817053239, 1.001645140295163,
      1.000003771100520, 0.999716359504731, 0.999474326580093)))

Derivatives of Conservative Temperature with Respect to or at Constant in-situ Temperature

Description

Derivatives of Conservative Temperature with Respect to or at Constant in-situ Temperature

Usage

gsw_CT_first_derivatives_wrt_t_exact(SA, t, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

A list containing CT_SA_wrt_t [ K/(g/kg) ], the derivative of Conservative Temperature with respect to Absolute Salinity at constant temperature and pressure, CT_t_wrt_t [ unitless], the derivative of Conservative Temperature with respect to temperature at constant Absolute Salinity and pressure, and CT_p_wrt_t, the derivative of Conservative Temperature with respect to pressure at constant Absolute Salinity and temperature.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_CT_first_derivatives_wrt_t_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <- c( 28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
r <- gsw_CT_first_derivatives_wrt_t_exact(SA, t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT_SA_wrt_t,
    c(-0.041988694538987, -0.041596549088952, -0.034853545749326,
      -0.019067140454607, -0.015016439826591, -0.012233725491373)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT_t_wrt_t,
    c(1.002752642867571, 1.002243118597902, 1.000835702767227,
      0.998194915250648, 0.995219303532390, 0.991780205482695)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT_p_wrt_t/1e-7,
    c(-0.241011880838437, -0.239031676279078, -0.203649928441505,
      -0.119370679226136, -0.099140832825342, -0.086458168643579)))

Conservative Temperature of Freezing Seawater

Description

Conservative Temperature of Freezing Seawater

Usage

gsw_CT_freezing(SA, p, saturation_fraction = 1)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

saturation_fraction

saturation fraction of dissolved air in seawater

Value

Conservative Temperature at freezing of seawater [ degC ].

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_CT_freezing.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
saturation_fraction <- 1
CT <- gsw_CT_freezing(SA, p, saturation_fraction)
stopifnot(all.equal(CT, c(-1.899683776424096, -1.940791867869104, -2.006240664432488,
                          -2.092357761318778, -2.359300831770506, -2.677162675412748)))

First Derivatives of Conservative Temperature for Freezing Water

Description

First Derivatives of Conservative Temperature for Freezing Water

Usage

gsw_CT_freezing_first_derivatives(SA, p, saturation_fraction = 1)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

saturation_fraction

fraction of air in water [unitless]

Value

A list containing CTfreezing_SA [ K/(g/kg) ], the derivative of Conservative Temperature with respect to Absolute Salinity at constant potential temperature, and CTfreezing_p [ unitless], the derivative of Conservative Temperature with respect to pressure at constant Absolute Salinity.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_CT_freezing_first_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(                 34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p <- c(                       10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
saturation_fraction <- c(      1,     0.8,     0.6,     0.5,     0.4,       0)
r <- gsw_CT_freezing_first_derivatives(SA, p, saturation_fraction)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CTfreezing_SA,
    c(-0.058193253897272, -0.058265158334170, -0.058345661671901,
     -0.058373842446463, -0.058534544740846, -0.058730846361252)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CTfreezing_p/1e-7,
    c(-0.765300390432684, -0.766942996466485, -0.769892679988284,
      -0.774561011527902, -0.787769143040504, -0.802771548245855)))

First Derivatives of Conservative Temperature for Freezing Water (Polynomial version)

Description

First Derivatives of Conservative Temperature for Freezing Water (Polynomial version)

Usage

gsw_CT_freezing_first_derivatives_poly(SA, p, saturation_fraction = 1)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

saturation_fraction

fraction of air in water [unitless]

Value

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_CT_freezing_first_derivatives_poly.html

Examples

SA <- c(                 34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p <- c(                       10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
saturation_fraction <- c(      1,     0.8,     0.6,     0.5,     0.4,       0)
r <- gsw_CT_freezing_first_derivatives_poly(SA, p, saturation_fraction)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CTfreezing_SA,
    c(-0.058191181082769, -0.058263310660779, -0.058343573188907,
     -0.058370514075271, -0.058528023214462, -0.058722959729433)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CTfreezing_p/1e-7,
    c(-0.765690732336706, -0.767310677213890, -0.770224214219328,
     -0.774843488962665, -0.787930403016584, -0.802821704643775)))

Conservative Temperature Freezing Point (Polynomial version)

Description

Conservative Temperature Freezing Point (Polynomial version)

Usage

gsw_CT_freezing_poly(SA, p, saturation_fraction = 1)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

saturation_fraction

saturation fraction of dissolved air in seawater

Value

Conservative Temperature at freezing of seawater [ degC ].

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_CT_freezing_poly.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
saturation_fraction <- 1
CT_freezing <- gsw_CT_freezing(SA, p, saturation_fraction)
stopifnot(all.equal(CT_freezing, c(-1.899683776424096, -1.940791867869104, -2.006240664432488,
                                   -2.092357761318778, -2.359300831770506, -2.677162675412748)))

Conservative Temperature from Enthalpy

Description

Conservative Temperature from Enthalpy

Usage

gsw_CT_from_enthalpy(SA, h, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

h

specific enthalpy [ J/kg ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Conservative Temperature [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_CT_from_enthalpy.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
h <- c(1.15103e5, 1.14014e5, 0.92180e5, 0.43255e5, 0.33087e5, 0.26970e5)
p <- c(       10,        50,       125,       250,       600,      1000)
pt <- c(28.7832, 28.4209, 22.7850, 10.2305,  6.8292,  4.3245)
CT <- gsw_CT_from_enthalpy(SA, h, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(CT, c(28.809854569021972, 28.439026483379287, 22.786196534098817,
                          10.226106994920777, 6.827159682675204, 4.323428660306681)))

Conservative Temperature from Entropy

Description

Conservative Temperature from Entropy

Usage

gsw_CT_from_entropy(SA, entropy)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

entropy

specific entropy [ J/(degC*kg) ]

Value

Conservative Temperature [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_CT_from_entropy.html

Examples

SA <- c(      34.7118,  34.8915,  35.0256,  34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
entropy <- c(400.3892, 395.4378, 319.8668, 146.7910, 98.6471, 62.7919)
CT <- gsw_CT_from_entropy(SA, entropy)
stopifnot(all.equal(CT, c(28.809902787278070, 28.439199226786918, 22.786199266954270,
                          10.226197672488652, 6.827196739780282, 4.323602945446461)))

Conservative Temperature from Potential Temperature

Description

Conservative Temperature from Potential Temperature

Usage

gsw_CT_from_pt(SA, pt)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

pt

potential temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

Value

Conservative Temperature [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_CT_from_pt.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
pt <- c(28.7832, 28.4209, 22.7850, 10.2305,  6.8292,  4.3245)
CT <- gsw_CT_from_pt(SA, pt)
stopifnot(all.equal(CT, c(28.809923015982083, 28.439144260767169, 22.786246608464264,
                          10.226165605435785, 6.827183417643142,  4.323565182322069)))

Conservative Temperature from Density, Absolute Salinity and Pressure

Description

Conservative Temperature from Density, Absolute Salinity and Pressure

Usage

gsw_CT_from_rho(rho, SA, p)

Arguments

rho

seawater density [ kg/m^3 ]

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

A list containing two estimates of Conservative Temperature: CT and CT_multiple, each in [ degC ].

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_CT_from_rho.html

Examples

rho <- c(1021.8484, 1022.2647, 1024.4207, 1027.7841, 1029.8287, 1031.9916)
SA <- c(   34.7118,   34.8915,   35.0256,   34.8472,   34.7366,   34.7324)
p <- c(         10,        50,       125,       250,       600,      1000)
r <- gsw_CT_from_rho(rho, SA, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT, c(28.784377302226968, 28.432402127485858, 22.808745445250068,
                            10.260169334807866, 6.887336649146716, 4.404594162282834)))

Convert from temperature to conservative temperature

Description

Convert from temperature to conservative temperature

Usage

gsw_CT_from_t(SA, t, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Conservative Temperature [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_CT_from_t.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <-  c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
CT <- gsw_CT_from_t(SA, t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(CT, c(28.809919826700281, 28.439227816091140, 22.786176893078498,
                          10.226189266620782, 6.827213633479988, 4.323575748610455)))

Conservative Temperature at Maximum Density

Description

Conservative Temperature at Maximum Density

Usage

gsw_CT_maxdensity(SA, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Conservative Temperature [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_CT_maxdensity.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
CT <- gsw_CT_maxdensity(SA, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(CT, c(-3.731407240089855, -3.861137427731664, -4.060390602245942,
                          -4.306222571955388, -5.089240667106197, -6.028034316992341)))

Second Derivatives of Conservative Temperature

Description

Second Derivatives of Conservative Temperature

Usage

gsw_CT_second_derivatives(SA, pt)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

pt

potential temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

Value

A list containing CT_SA_SA [ K/(g/kg)^2 ], the second derivative of Conservative Temperature with respect to Absolute Salinity at constant potential temperature, and CT_SA_pt [ 1/(g/kg) ], the derivative of Conservative Temperature with respect to potential temperature and Absolute Salinity, and CT_pt_pt [ 1/degC ], the second derivative of Conservative Temperature with respect to potential temperature.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_CT_second_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
pt <- c(28.7832, 28.4209, 22.7850, 10.2305,  6.8292,  4.3245)
r <- gsw_CT_second_derivatives(SA, pt)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT_SA_SA/1e-3, c(-0.060718502077064, -0.062065324400873, -0.084017055354742,
                                       -0.148436050120131, -0.171270386500246, -0.189920754900116)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT_SA_pt, c(-0.001197415000869, -0.001198309530139, -0.001226523296082,
                                  -0.001335896286481, -0.001380492698572, -0.001417751669135)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT_pt_pt/1e-3, c(0.123012754427146, 0.124662008871271, 0.140829458783443,
                                       0.140646803448166, 0.113684095615077, 0.082286843477998)))

Electrical Conductivity from Practical Salinity

Description

Electrical conductivity (in mS/cm) from Practical Salinity. To convert the return value to conductivity ratio, divide by 42.9140 (the value of conductivity at S=35, T68=15, and p=0).

Usage

gsw_C_from_SP(SP, t, p)

Arguments

SP

Practical Salinity (PSS-78) [ unitless ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is from 2 to 42.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

electrical conductivity [ mS/cm ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_C_from_SP.html

Examples

SP <- c(34.5487, 34.7275, 34.8605, 34.6810, 34.5680, 34.5600)
t <- c( 28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
C <- gsw_C_from_SP(SP, t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(C, c(56.412599581571186, 56.316185602699953, 50.670369333973944,
                         38.134518936104350, 35.056577637635257, 32.986550607990118)))

Ratio of Absolute to Preformed Salinity, minus 1

Description

Ratio of Absolute to Preformed Salinity, minus 1

Usage

gsw_Fdelta(p, longitude, latitude)

Arguments

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

longitude

longitude in decimal degrees, positive to the east of Greenwich. (This is called long in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

latitude

latitude in decimal degrees, positive to the north of the equator. (This is called lat in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

Value

(S/Sstar)-1 [ unitless ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_Fdelta.html

Examples

p <- c(         10,   50,  125,  250,  600, 1000)
latitude <- c(   4,    4,    4,    4,    4,    4)
longitude <- c(188,  188,  188,  188,  188,  188)
r <- gsw_Fdelta(p, longitude, latitude)
stopifnot(all.equal(r/1e-3, c(0.006472309923452, 0.010352848168433, 0.025541937543450,
                              0.104348729347986, 0.218678084205081, 0.365415366571266)))

Helmholtz Energy of Ice

Description

Helmholtz Energy of Ice

Usage

gsw_Helmholtz_energy_ice(t, p)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Helmholtz energy if ice [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_Helmholtz_energy_ice.html

Examples

t <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600,  -10.8863,  -8.4036)
p <- c(      10,       50,      125,      250,       600,     1000)
e <- gsw_Helmholtz_energy_ice(t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(e/1e4, c(-1.362572315008330, -1.710375005915343, -1.628083272702224,
                             -1.555573047498573, -1.375469831393882, -1.053585607014677)))

Ratio of vert. gradient of pot. density to vert grad of locally-referenced pot density

Description

Note that the C library had to be patched to get this working; a new version of the library will address the bug directly.

Usage

gsw_IPV_vs_fNsquared_ratio(SA, CT, p, p_ref = 0)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

p_ref

reference pressure [ dbar ]

Value

list containing IPV_vs_fNsquared_ratio [ unitless ] and mid-point pressure p_mid [ dbar ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_IPV_vs_fNsquared_ratio.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
p_ref <- 0
r <- gsw_IPV_vs_fNsquared_ratio(SA, CT, p, p_ref)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$IPV_vs_fNsquared_ratio,
    c(0.999742244888022, 0.996939883468178, 0.986141997098021,
      0.931595598713477, 0.861224354872028)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$p_mid, c(30, 87.5, 187.5, 425, 800)))

Calculate Brunt Vaisala Frequency squared

Description

The result is computed based on first-differencing a computed density with respect pressure, and this can yield noisy results with CTD data that have not been smoothed and decimated. It also yields infinite values, for repeated adjacent pressure (e.g. this occurs twice with the ctd dataset provided in the oce package).

Usage

gsw_Nsquared(SA, CT, p, latitude = 0)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

latitude

latitude in decimal degrees, positive to the north of the equator. (This is called lat in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

Value

list containing N2 [ 1/s^2 ] and mid-point pressure p_mid [ dbar ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_Nsquared.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
latitude <- 4
r <- gsw_Nsquared(SA, CT, p, latitude=4)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$N2*1e3, c(0.060843209693499, 0.235723066151305, 0.216599928330380,
                                0.012941204313372, 0.008434782795209)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$p_mid, c(30, 87.5, 187.5, 425, 800)))

Oxygen Solubility in Seawater (GSW variables)

Description

Computes oxygen concentration for seawater that is equilibrium with vapour-saturated air at standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa, i.e. for sea pressure of 0dbar). The formula, not created by the SCOR/IAPSO Working Group 127 nor approved by the IOC, is stated in the TEOS-10 documentation to be from Benson and Krause (1984), as fitted by Garcia and Gordon (1992, 1993). That formulation is framed in UNESCO-era water properties, so longitude and latitude are needed here, to convert to these quantities from Absolute Salinity and Conservative Temperature; see also gsw_O2sol_SP_pt, which is formulated in UNESCO terms.

Usage

gsw_O2sol(SA, CT, p, longitude, latitude)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

longitude

longitude in decimal degrees, positive to the east of Greenwich. (This is called long in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

latitude

latitude in decimal degrees, positive to the north of the equator. (This is called lat in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

Value

Oxygen solubility in micro-moles per kg.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_O2sol.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
latitude <- c(4,       4,       4,       4,       4,       4)
longitude <- c(188,  188,     188,     188,     188,     188)
O2sol <- gsw_O2sol(SA,CT,p,longitude,latitude)
stopifnot(all.equal(O2sol/100, c(1.949651126384804, 1.958728907684003,
            2.148922307892045, 2.738656506758550, 2.955109771828408,
            3.133584919106894)))

Oxygen Solubility in Seawater (UNESCO variables)

Description

Computes oxygen concentration for seawater that is equilibrium with vapour-saturated air at standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa, i.e. for sea pressure of 0dbar). The formula, not created by the SCOR/IAPSO Working Group 127 nor approved by the IOC, is stated in the TEOS-10 documentation to be from Benson and Krause (1984), as fitted by Garcia and Gordon (1992, 1993). That formulation is framed in UNESCO-era water properties; see gsw_O2sol for the corresponding computation in GSW variables.

Usage

gsw_O2sol_SP_pt(SP, pt)

Arguments

SP

Practical Salinity (PSS-78) [ unitless ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is from 2 to 42.

pt

potential temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

Value

Oxygen solubility in micro-moles per kg.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_O2sol_SP_pt.html

Examples

SP <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
pt <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
O2sol <- gsw_O2sol_SP_pt(SP, pt)
stopifnot(all.equal(O2sol/100, c(1.946825431692940, 1.956135062814438,
            2.146559360234014, 2.735652832698713, 2.951580761415903,
            3.129598716631408)))

Absolute Salinity Anomaly Ratio

Description

Absolute Salinity Anomaly Ratio

Usage

gsw_SAAR(p, longitude, latitude)

Arguments

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

longitude

longitude in decimal degrees, positive to the east of Greenwich. (This is called long in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

latitude

latitude in decimal degrees, positive to the north of the equator. (This is called lat in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

Value

a list containing SAAR, which is the (unitless) Absolute Salinity Anomaly Ratio, and in_ocean is set to 1 if SAAR is nonzero, or to 0 otherwise.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

Bugs

The definition of in_ocean is incorrect, because the C function named gsw_saar, which is called by the present R function, does not calculate in_ocean, as the base Matlab function named gsw_SAAR does. However, examination of the Matlab code shows that in_ocean is set to 0 along with SAAR, whenever the original estimate of the latter is nonfinite. Thus, points that would be signalled as being on the land by the Matlab code are indicated in the same way with the present R function. However, other points may also be indicated as being on land, if SAAR is simply zero in the first calculation. Whether this poses a problem in practice is an open question, since it seems likely that this function would only be called with oceanic locations, anyway. If problems arise for users, a patch can be written to improve things.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SAAR.html

Examples

p <- c(10, 50, 125, 250, 600, 1000)
longitude <- c(188, 188, 188, 188, 188, 188)
latitude <- c(4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4)
SAAR <- gsw_SAAR(p, longitude, latitude)
stopifnot(all.equal(1e3*SAAR$SAAR, c(0.004794295602143, 0.007668755837570, 0.018919828449091,
                                     0.077293264028981, 0.161974583039298, 0.270652408428964)))
stopifnot(all.equal(SAAR$in_ocean, rep(1, 6)))

Compute Absolute Salinity at Freezing Conservative Temperature

Description

Compute Absolute Salinity at Freezing Conservative Temperature

Usage

gsw_SA_freezing_from_CT(CT, p, saturation_fraction = 1)

Arguments

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

saturation_fraction

fraction of air in water [unitless]

Value

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SA_freezing_from_CT.html

Examples

CT <- c(-0.11901, -0.15608, -0.72138, -1.97738, -2.31728, -2.56764)
p <- c(       10,       50,      125,      250,      600,     1000)
saturation_fraction <- 1
SA <- gsw_SA_freezing_from_CT(CT, p, saturation_fraction)
stopifnot(all.equal(SA, c(2.280500648179144, 2.416867651098550, 11.973503162175106,
                          32.868973869711390, 34.017513292374431, 32.859871943514150)))

Compute Absolute Salinity at Freezing Point (Polynomial version)

Description

Compute Absolute Salinity at Freezing Point (Polynomial version)

Usage

gsw_SA_freezing_from_CT_poly(CT, p, saturation_fraction = 1)

Arguments

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

saturation_fraction

fraction of air in water [unitless]

Value

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SA_freezing_from_CT_poly.html

Examples

CT <- c(-0.11901, -0.15608, -0.72138, -1.97738, -2.31728, -2.56764)
p <- c(       10,       50,      125,      250,      600,     1000)
saturation_fraction <- 1
SA <- gsw_SA_freezing_from_CT_poly(CT, p, saturation_fraction)
stopifnot(all.equal(SA, c(2.281810267792954, 2.418134292641376, 11.971996354752958,
                          32.867931280363138, 34.015087798162732, 32.856434894818825)))

Compute Absolute Salinity at Freezing in-situ Temperature

Description

Compute Absolute Salinity at Freezing in-situ Temperature

Usage

gsw_SA_freezing_from_t(t, p, saturation_fraction = 1)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

saturation_fraction

fraction of air in water [unitless]

Value

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SA_freezing_from_t.html

Examples

t <- c(-0.11901, -0.15608, -0.72138, -1.97738, -2.31728, -2.56764)
p <- c(      10,       50,      125,      250,      600,     1000)
saturation_fraction <- 1
SA <- gsw_SA_freezing_from_t(t, p, saturation_fraction)
stopifnot(all.equal(SA, c(2.015798440008186, 2.150742019102164, 11.679080083422074,
                          32.844196564019278, 34.138949682974413, 33.100945437175568)))

Compute Absolute Salinity at Freezing in-situ Temperature (Polynomial version)

Description

Compute Absolute Salinity at Freezing in-situ Temperature (Polynomial version)

Usage

gsw_SA_freezing_from_t_poly(t, p, saturation_fraction = 1)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

saturation_fraction

fraction of air in water [unitless]

Value

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SA_freezing_from_t_poly.html

Examples

t <- c(-0.11901, -0.15608, -0.72138, -1.97738, -2.31728, -2.56764)
p <- c(      10,       50,      125,      250,      600,     1000)
saturation_fraction <- 1
SA <- gsw_SA_freezing_from_t_poly(t, p, saturation_fraction)
stopifnot(all.equal(SA, c(2.017072489768256, 2.151989342038462, 11.677649626115608,
                          32.843128114999026, 34.136459306273451, 33.097427522625182)))

Convert from Practical Salinity to Absolute Salinity

Description

Calculate Absolute Salinity from Practical Salinity, pressure, longitude, and latitude.

Usage

gsw_SA_from_SP(SP, p, longitude, latitude)

Arguments

SP

Practical Salinity (PSS-78) [ unitless ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is from 2 to 42.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

longitude

longitude in decimal degrees, positive to the east of Greenwich. (This is called long in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

latitude

latitude in decimal degrees, positive to the north of the equator. (This is called lat in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

Details

If SP is a matrix and if its dimensions correspond to the lengths of longitude and latitude, then the latter are converted to analogous matrices with expand.grid.

Value

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SA_from_SP.html

Examples

SP <- c(34.5487, 34.7275, 34.8605, 34.6810, 34.5680, 34.5600)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
lat <- c(     4,       4,       4,       4,       4,       4)
long <- c(  188,     188,     188,     188,     188,     188)
SA <- gsw_SA_from_SP(SP, p, long, lat)
stopifnot(all.equal(SA, c(34.711778344814114, 34.891522618230098, 35.025544862476920,
                          34.847229026189588, 34.736628474576051, 34.732363065590846)))

Convert from Practical Salinity to Absolute Salinity (Baltic)

Description

Calculate Absolute Salinity from Practical Salinity, pressure, longitude, and latitude.

Usage

gsw_SA_from_SP_Baltic(SP, longitude, latitude)

Arguments

SP

Practical Salinity (PSS-78) [ unitless ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is from 2 to 42.

longitude

longitude in decimal degrees, positive to the east of Greenwich. (This is called long in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

latitude

latitude in decimal degrees, positive to the north of the equator. (This is called lat in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

Details

If SP is a matrix and if its dimensions correspond to the lengths of longitude and latitude, then the latter are converted to analogous matrices with expand.grid.

Value

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SA_from_SP_Baltic.html

Examples

SP <- c( 6.5683, 6.6719, 6.8108, 7.2629, 7.4825, 10.2796)
lon <- c(    20,     20,     20,     20,     20,      20)
lat <- c(    59,     59,     59,     59,     59,      59)
SA <- gsw_SA_from_SP_Baltic(SP, lon, lat)
stopifnot(all.equal(SA, c(6.669945432342856, 6.773776430742856, 6.912986138057142,
                          7.366094191885713, 7.586183837142856, 10.389520570971428)))

Absolute Salinity from Preformed Salinity

Description

Calculate Absolute Salinity from Preformed Salinity, pressure, longitude, and latitude.

Usage

gsw_SA_from_Sstar(Sstar, p, longitude, latitude)

Arguments

Sstar

Preformed Salinity [ g/kg ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

longitude

longitude in decimal degrees, positive to the east of Greenwich. (This is called long in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

latitude

latitude in decimal degrees, positive to the north of the equator. (This is called lat in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

Details

If Sstar is a matrix and if its dimensions correspond to the lengths of longitude and latitude, then the latter are converted to analogous matrices with expand.grid.

Value

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SA_from_Sstar.html

Examples

Sstar <- c(34.7115, 34.8912, 35.0247, 34.8436, 34.7291, 34.7197)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
lat <- c(     4,       4,       4,       4,       4,       4)
long <- c(  188,     188,     188,     188,     188,     188)
SA <- gsw_SA_from_Sstar(Sstar, p, long, lat)
stopifnot(all.equal(SA, c(34.711724663585905, 34.891561223296009, 35.025594598699882,
                          34.847235885385913, 34.736694493054166, 34.732387111902753)))

Compute Absolute Salinity from Density, etc

Description

Compute Absolute Salinity from Density, etc

Usage

gsw_SA_from_rho(rho, CT, p)

Arguments

rho

seawater density [ kg/m^3 ]

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SA_from_rho.html

Examples

rho <- c(1021.8482, 1022.2647, 1024.4207, 1027.7841, 1029.8287, 1031.9916)
CT <-c(    28.7856,   28.4329,   22.8103,   10.2600,    6.8863,    4.4036)
p <- c(         10,        50,       125,       250,       600,      1000)
SA <- gsw_SA_from_rho(rho, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(SA, c(34.712080120418108, 34.891723808488869, 35.026202257609505,
                          34.847160842234572, 34.736398269039945, 34.732228881079742)))

Convert from Electrical Conductivity to Practical Salinity

Description

Convert from Electrical Conductivity to Practical Salinity

Usage

gsw_SP_from_C(C, t, p)

Arguments

C

conductivity [ mS/cm ]

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Practical Salinity (PSS-78) [ unitless ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SP_from_C.html

Examples

C <- c(34.5487, 34.7275, 34.8605, 34.6810, 34.5680, 34.5600)
t <- c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
SP <- gsw_SP_from_C(C,t,p)
stopifnot(all.equal(SP,  c(20.009869599086951, 20.265511864874270, 22.981513062527689,
                           31.204503263727982, 34.032315787432829, 36.400308494388170)))

Convert from Absolute Salinity to Practical Salinity

Description

Calculate Practical Salinity from Absolute Salinity, pressure, longitude, and latitude.

Usage

gsw_SP_from_SA(SA, p, longitude, latitude)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

longitude

longitude in decimal degrees, positive to the east of Greenwich. (This is called long in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

latitude

latitude in decimal degrees, positive to the north of the equator. (This is called lat in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

Details

If SP is a matrix and if its dimensions correspond to the lengths of longitude and latitude, then the latter are converted to analogous matrices with expand.grid.

Note: unlike the corresponding Matlab function, this does not return a flag indicating whether the location is in the ocean.

Value

Practical Salinity (PSS-78) [ unitless ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SP_from_SA.html

Examples

SA <-   c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p <-    c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
lat <-  c(      4,       4,       4,       4,       4,       4)
long <- c(    188,     188,     188,     188,     188,     188)
SP <- gsw_SP_from_SA(SA,p,long,lat)
stopifnot(all.equal(SP, c(34.548721553448317, 34.727477488096639, 34.860554877708005,
                          34.680971112271791, 34.567971663653388, 34.560036751118204)))

Calculate Practical Salinity from Knudsen Salinity

Description

Calculate Practical Salinity from Knudsen Salinity

Usage

gsw_SP_from_SK(SK)

Arguments

SK

Knudsen Salinity [ parts per thousand, ppt ]

Value

Practical Salinity (PSS-78) [ unitless ]

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SP_from_SK.html

Examples

SK <- c(34.5487, 34.7275, 34.8605, 34.6810, 34.5680, 34.5600)
SP <- gsw_SP_from_SK(SK)
stopifnot(all.equal(SP, c(34.548342096952908, 34.727295637119113, 34.860409847645435,
                          34.680755706371187, 34.567658670360110, 34.559651800554022)))

Calculate Practical Salinity from Reference Salinity

Description

Calculate Practical Salinity from Reference Salinity

Usage

gsw_SP_from_SR(SR)

Arguments

SR

Reference Salinity [ g/kg ]

Value

Practical Salinity (PSS-78) [ unitless ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SP_from_SR.html

Examples

SR <- c(34.5487, 34.7275, 34.8605, 34.6810, 34.5680, 34.5600)
SP <- gsw_SP_from_SR(SR)
stopifnot(all.equal(SP, c(34.386552667080714, 34.564513505458834, 34.696889296869848,
                          34.518231743800094, 34.405762086435850, 34.397799632817147)))

Practical Salinity from Preformed Salinity

Description

Practical Salinity from Preformed Salinity

Usage

gsw_SP_from_Sstar(Sstar, p, longitude, latitude)

Arguments

Sstar

Preformed Salinity [ g/kg ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

longitude

longitude in decimal degrees, positive to the east of Greenwich. (This is called long in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

latitude

latitude in decimal degrees, positive to the north of the equator. (This is called lat in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

Value

Practical Salinity (PSS-78) [ unitless ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SP_from_Sstar.html

Examples

Sstar <- c(34.7115, 34.8912, 35.0247, 34.8436, 34.7291, 34.7197)
p <- c(         10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
longitude <- 188
latitude <- 4
SP <- gsw_SP_from_Sstar(Sstar, p, longitude, latitude)
stopifnot(all.equal(SP, c(34.548646570969929, 34.727538423586189, 34.860549501859502,
                          34.681006826476434, 34.568065697992346, 34.560023926979518)))

Practical Salinity from Salinometer Reading

Description

Calculate Practical Salinity from salinometer readings of conductivity ratio and bath temperature.

Usage

gsw_SP_salinometer(ratio, temperature)

Arguments

ratio

Conductivity ratio [ unitless ]. (This is called Rt in the GSW documentation.)

temperature

Bath temperature [ degC ]. (This is called t in the GSW documentation.)

Value

Practical salinity on the PSS-77 scale [ unitless ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SP_salinometer.html

Examples

ratio <- c( 0.9345,  0.95123,  0.91807,  0.8886, 0.8169, 0.6687)
temperature <-  c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600, 6.8863, 4.4036)
SP <- gsw_SP_salinometer(ratio, temperature)
stopifnot(all.equal(SP,
        c(32.431728787558541, 33.085035719966307, 31.800791917322833,
            30.692490757036179, 27.979281308696116, 22.474597460508491)))

Calculate Reference Salinity from Practical Salinity

Description

Calculate Reference Salinity from Practical Salinity

Usage

gsw_SR_from_SP(SP)

Arguments

SP

Practical Salinity (PSS-78) [ unitless ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is from 2 to 42.

Value

Reference Salinity [ g/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_SR_from_SP.html

Examples

SP <- c(34.5487, 34.7275, 34.8605, 34.6810, 34.5680, 34.5600)
SR <- gsw_SR_from_SP(SP)
stopifnot(all.equal(SR, c(34.711611927085727, 34.891255045714303, 35.024882197714305,
                          34.844535778285724, 34.731002934857159, 34.722965211428587)))

Convert from Absolute Salinity to Preformed Salinity

Description

Calculate Preformed Salinity from Absolute Salinity, pressure, longitude, and latitude.

Usage

gsw_Sstar_from_SA(SA, p, longitude, latitude)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

longitude

longitude in decimal degrees, positive to the east of Greenwich. (This is called long in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

latitude

latitude in decimal degrees, positive to the north of the equator. (This is called lat in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

Details

If SA is a matrix and if its dimensions correspond to the lengths of longitude and latitude, then the latter are converted to analogous matrices with expand.grid.

Value

Preformed Salinity [ g/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_Sstar_from_SA.html

Examples

SA <-   c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p <-    c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
lat <-  c(      4,       4,       4,       4,       4,       4)
long <- c(    188,     188,     188,     188,     188,     188)
Sstar <- gsw_Sstar_from_SA(SA,p,long,lat)
stopifnot(all.equal(Sstar, c(34.711575335926490, 34.891138777337822, 35.024705401162166,
                             34.843564118358302, 34.729005527604883, 34.719712883389462)))

Convert from Practical Salinity to Preformed Salinity

Description

Calculate Preformed Salinity from Practical Salinity, pressure, longitude, and latitude.

Usage

gsw_Sstar_from_SP(SP, p, longitude, latitude)

Arguments

SP

Practical Salinity (PSS-78) [ unitless ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is from 2 to 42.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

longitude

longitude in decimal degrees, positive to the east of Greenwich. (This is called long in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

latitude

latitude in decimal degrees, positive to the north of the equator. (This is called lat in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

Details

If SP is a matrix and if its dimensions correspond to the lengths of longitude and latitude, then the latter are converted to analogous matrices with expand.grid.

Value

Preformed Salinity [ g/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_Sstar_from_SP.html

Examples

SP <-   c(34.5487, 34.7275, 34.8605, 34.6810, 34.5680, 34.5600)
p <-    c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
lat <-  c(      4,       4,       4,       4,       4,       4)
long <- c(    188,     188,     188,     188,     188,     188)
Sstar <- gsw_Sstar_from_SP(SP,p,long,lat)
stopifnot(all.equal(Sstar, c(34.711553680880769, 34.891161395333754, 35.024650265047370,
                             34.843593141519356, 34.729033995955525, 34.719675962471783)))

Turner Angle and Density Ratio

Description

This uses the 75-term density equation. The values of Turner Angle Tu and density ratio Rrho are calculated at mid-point pressures, p_mid.

Usage

gsw_Turner_Rsubrho(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

List containing Tu [ degrees ], Rsubrho [ unitless ], and p_mid [ dbar ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_Turner_Rsubrho.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
r <- gsw_Turner_Rsubrho(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$Tu, c(-2.063858905281147, 41.758435216784427, 47.606966981687535,
                            53.710351151706369, 45.527063858211527)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$Rsubrho, 100*c(-0.009304335069039, -0.176564834348709, 0.219627771740757,
                                     0.065271424662002, 1.087044054679743)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$p_mid, 100*c(0.300, 0.875, 1.875, 4.250, 8.000)))

Adiabatic Lapse Rate

Description

Note that the unit is K/Pa; multiply by 1e4 to get the more useful K/dbar.

Usage

gsw_adiabatic_lapse_rate_from_CT(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

adiabatic lapse rate (note unconventional unit) [ K/Pa ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_adiabatic_lapse_rate_from_CT.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
lr <- gsw_adiabatic_lapse_rate_from_CT(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(lr*1e7,
    c(0.240199646230069, 0.238457486976761, 0.203635157319712,
      0.119829566859790, 0.100052760967308, 0.087773070307283)))

Adiabatic Lapse Rate of Ice

Description

Note that the unit is K/Pa; multiply by 1e4 to get the more useful K/dbar.

Usage

gsw_adiabatic_lapse_rate_ice(t, p)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

adiabatic lapse rate (note unconventional unit) [ K/Pa ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_adiabatic_lapse_rate_ice.html

Examples

t  <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600, -10.8863, -8.4036)
p <- c(       10,       50,      125,      250,      600,    1000)
lr <- gsw_adiabatic_lapse_rate_ice(t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(lr*1e7, c(0.218777853913651, 0.216559115188599, 0.216867659957613,
                              0.216988337914416, 0.217182707402780, 0.218100558740840)))

Thermal expansion coefficient with respect to Conservative Temperature

Description

Thermal expansion coefficient with respect to Conservative Temperature, using the 75-term equation for specific volume.

Usage

gsw_alpha(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

thermal expansion coefficient with respect to Conservative Temperature [ 1/K ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_alpha.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
alpha <- gsw_alpha(SA,CT,p)
stopifnot(all.equal(alpha*1e3, c(0.324464211877393, 0.322610094680523, 0.281335030247435,
                                 0.173529986885424, 0.146898108553385, 0.130265123640082)))

Thermal expansion coefficient over haline contraction coefficient

Description

Thermal expansion coefficient over haline contraction coefficient, using the 75-term equation for specific volume.

Usage

gsw_alpha_on_beta(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

ratio of thermal expansion coefficient to haline contraction coefficient [ (g/kg)/K ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_alpha_on_beta.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
alpha_on_beta <- gsw_alpha_on_beta(SA,CT,p)
stopifnot(all.equal(alpha_on_beta, c(0.452468543022009, 0.449601695030057, 0.387140203094424,
                                     0.230778871228268, 0.193747796234162, 0.170946048860385)))

Thermal expansion coefficient with respect to in-situ temperature

Description

Thermal expansion coefficient with respect to in-situ temperature.

Usage

gsw_alpha_wrt_t_exact(SA, t, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

thermal expansion coefficient with respect to in-situ temperature [ 1/K ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_alpha_wrt_t_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <-  c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
alpha_wrt_t_exact <- gsw_alpha_wrt_t_exact(SA,t,p)
stopifnot(all.equal(alpha_wrt_t_exact*1e3,
    c(0.325601747227247, 0.323448083851267, 0.281413883319329,
    0.172825692975230, 0.145569941503599, 0.128362986933288)))

Ice Thermal Expansion Coefficient with Respect to in-situ Temperature

Description

Thermal expansion coefficient of ice, with respect to in-situ temperature.

Usage

gsw_alpha_wrt_t_ice(t, p)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

thermal expansion coefficient with respect to in-situ temperature [ 1/K ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_alpha_wrt_t_ice.html

Examples

t <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600, -10.8863, -8.4036)
p <-  c(     10,       50,      125,      250,      600,    1000)
alpha <- gsw_alpha_wrt_t_ice(t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(alpha*1e3, c(0.154472408751279, 0.153041866100900, 0.153232698269327,
                                 0.153297634665747, 0.153387461617896, 0.153938395452558)))

Haline contraction coefficient at constant Conservative Temperature

Description

Haline contraction coefficient with respect to Conservative Temperature, using the 75-term equation for specific volume.

Usage

gsw_beta(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Haline contraction coefficient at constant Conservative Temperature [ kg/g ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_beta.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
beta <- gsw_beta(SA,CT,p)
stopifnot(all.equal(beta, 1e-3*c(0.717521909550091, 0.717657376442386, 0.726169785748549,
                                 0.750420924314564, 0.754903052075032, 0.756841573481865)))

Haline contraction coefficient at constant in-situ temperature

Description

Haline contraction coefficient at constant in-situ temperature.

Usage

gsw_beta_const_t_exact(SA, t, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Haline contraction coefficient at constant in-situ temperature [ kg/g ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_beta_const_t_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <- c( 28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
b <- gsw_beta_const_t_exact(SA, t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(b*1e3, c(0.731120837010429, 0.731071779078011, 0.736019128913071,
                             0.753810501711847, 0.757259405338257, 0.758649268096996)))

Cabbeling coefficient

Description

Cabbeling coefficient (75-term equation)

Usage

gsw_cabbeling(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Cabbeling coefficient with respect to Conservative Temperature [ 1/(K^2) ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_cabbeling.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
cabbeling <- gsw_cabbeling(SA,CT,p)
stopifnot(all.equal(cabbeling*1e4, c(0.086645721047423, 0.086837829466794, 0.092525582052438,
                                     0.108884336975401, 0.112971197222338, 0.115483896148927)))

Chemical Potential of Ice

Description

Chemical Potential of Ice

Usage

gsw_chem_potential_water_ice(t, p)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

chemical potential [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_chem_potential_water_ice.html

Examples

t <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600,  -10.8863,  -8.4036)
p <- c(      10,       50,      125,      250,      600,      1000)
pot <- gsw_chem_potential_water_ice(t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(pot/1e4, c(-1.340648365149857, -1.644921413491445, -1.480991678890353,
                               -1.272436055728805, -0.711509477199393, 0.045575390357792)))

Chemical Potential of Water in Seawater

Description

Chemical Potential of Water in Seawater

Usage

gsw_chem_potential_water_t_exact(SA, t, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

chemical potential [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_chem_potential_water_t_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <- c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,       50,      125,      250,      600,      1000)
pot <- gsw_chem_potential_water_t_exact(SA, t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(pot, c(-8.545561146284534, -8.008085548342105, -5.103980139874876,
                           -0.634067782745442, 3.335566803473286, 7.555434445971858)))

Specific heat to ice

Description

Specific heat of ice

Usage

gsw_cp_ice(t, p)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

specific heat [ J/(K*kg) ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_cp_ice.html

Examples

t <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600, -10.8863, -8.4036)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
cp <- gsw_cp_ice(t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(cp, c(2017.314262094657, 1997.830122682709, 2002.281331375396,
                          2006.127319545421, 2015.676303959609, 2033.308170371559)))

Isobaric heat capacity

Description

Isobaric heat capacity

Usage

gsw_cp_t_exact(SA, t, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

heat capacity [ J/(kg*K) ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_cp_t_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <-  c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
cp_t_exact <- gsw_cp_t_exact(SA, t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(cp_t_exact/1e3, c(4.002888003958537, 4.000980283927373, 3.995546468894633,
                                      3.985076769021370, 3.973593843482723, 3.960184084786622)))

Absolute Salinity Anomaly from Practical Salinity

Description

Absolute Salinity Anomaly from Practical Salinity

Usage

gsw_deltaSA_from_SP(SP, p, longitude, latitude)

Arguments

SP

Practical Salinity (PSS-78) [ unitless ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is from 2 to 42.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

longitude

longitude in decimal degrees, positive to the east of Greenwich. (This is called long in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

latitude

latitude in decimal degrees, positive to the north of the equator. (This is called lat in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

Value

deltaSA Absolute Salinity Anomaly [ g/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_deltaSA_from_SP.html

Examples

SP =   c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p =    c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
lat =  c(      4,       4,       4,       4,       4,       4)
long = c(    188,     188,     188,     188,     188,     188)
deltaSA = gsw_deltaSA_from_SP(SP,p,long,lat)
stopifnot(all.equal(deltaSA, c(0.000167203365230, 0.000268836122231, 0.000665803155705,
                               0.002706154619403, 0.005652977406832,  0.009444734661606)))

Dilution coefficient

Description

Dilution coefficient

Usage

gsw_dilution_coefficient_t_exact(SA, t, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

dilution coefficient [ (J/kg)(kg/g) ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_dilution_coefficient_t_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <- c( 28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
dc <- gsw_dilution_coefficient_t_exact(SA, t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(dc, c(79.140034211532040, 79.104983526833820, 77.503312016847389,
                          73.535062653715272, 72.483378545466564, 71.760667498673087)))

Dynamic enthalpy of seawater (75-term equation)

Description

Dynamic enthalpy of seawater (75-term equation)

Usage

gsw_dynamic_enthalpy(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

dynamic enthalpy [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_enthalpy.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <-c( 28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
de <- gsw_dynamic_enthalpy(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(de/1000, c(0.097864698087770, 0.489161476686235, 1.220512192086506,
                               2.433731199531144, 5.833880057399701, 9.711443860944032)))

Specific enthalpy of seawater (75-term equation)

Description

Specific enthalpy of seawater (75-term equation)

Usage

gsw_enthalpy(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

specific enthalpy [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_enthalpy.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <-c( 28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
e <- gsw_enthalpy(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(e/1e5, c(1.151031813559086, 1.140146926828028, 0.921800138366058,
                             0.432553713026279, 0.330871609742468, 0.269706841603465)))

Seawater Specific Enthalpy in terms of Conservative Temperature

Description

Seawater Specific Enthalpy in terms of Conservative Temperature

Usage

gsw_enthalpy_CT_exact(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

specific enthalpy [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_enthalpy_CT_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
e <- gsw_enthalpy_CT_exact(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(e/1e5, c(1.151031813321767, 1.140146925586514, 0.921800131787836,
                             0.432553712315790, 0.330871615358722, 0.269706848807403)))

Specific Enthalpy Difference with Pressure

Description

Specific enthalpy difference [ J/kg ].

Usage

gsw_enthalpy_diff(SA, CT, p_shallow, p_deep)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p_shallow

pressure at a shallower depth [ dbar ]

p_deep

pressure at a deeper depth [ dbar ]

Value

specific enthalpy difference [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_enthalpy_diff.html

Examples

SA <- c(  34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(  28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p_shallow <- c(10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
p_deep <- c(  110,     150,     225,     350,     700,    1100)
ed <- gsw_enthalpy_diff(SA, CT, p_shallow, p_deep)
stopifnot(all.equal(ed/1e2, c(9.784180644568052, 9.780195056105020, 9.759587700515114,
                              9.727552719534447, 9.708223170174454, 9.687871289079633)))

First Derivatives of Enthalpy

Description

First Derivatives of Enthalpy

Usage

gsw_enthalpy_first_derivatives(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

a list containing h_SA [ (J/kg)/(g/kg) ], the derivative of enthalpy wrt Absolute Salinity, and h_CT [ (J/kg)/degC ], the derivative of enthalpy wrt Conservative Temperature.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_enthalpy_first_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
d <- gsw_enthalpy_first_derivatives(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(d$h_SA, c(-0.070223912348929, -0.351159768365102, -0.887025065692568,
                              -1.829602387915694, -4.423463748270238, -7.405100077558673)))
stopifnot(all.equal(d$h_CT/1e3, c(3.991899705530481, 3.992025640520101, 3.992210365030743,
                                  3.992284150250490, 3.992685389122658, 3.993014168534175)))

First Derivatives of Enthalpy wrt CT

Description

First Derivatives of Enthalpy wrt CT

Usage

gsw_enthalpy_first_derivatives_CT_exact(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

a list containing h_SA [ (J/kg)/(g/kg) ], the derivative of enthalpy wrt Absolute Salinity, and h_CT [ (J/kg)/degC ], the derivative of enthalpy wrt Conservative Temperature.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

Bugs

The HTML documentation suggests that this function returns 3 values, but there are only 2 returned values in the C code used here (and the matlab code on which that is based). Also, the d/dSA check values given the HTML are not reproduced by the present function. This was reported on Mar 18, 2017 as https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-Matlab/issues/7. See https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-R/issues/34

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_enthalpy_first_derivatives_CT_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
d <- gsw_enthalpy_first_derivatives_CT_exact(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(d$h_SA, c(-0.070224183838619, -0.351159869043798, -0.887036550157504,
                              -1.829626251448858, -4.423522691827955, -7.405211691293971)))
stopifnot(all.equal(d$h_CT/1e3, c(3.991899712269790, 3.992025674159605, 3.992210402650973,
                                  3.992283991748418, 3.992685275917238, 3.993014370250710)))

Ice Specific Enthalpy

Description

Specific enthalpy of ice [ J/kg ]. Note that this is a negative quantity.

Usage

gsw_enthalpy_ice(t, p)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

specific enthalpy [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_enthalpy_ice.html

Examples

t <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600, -10.8863, -8.4036)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
se <- gsw_enthalpy_ice(t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(se/1e5, c(-3.554414597446597, -3.603380857687490, -3.583089884253586,
                              -3.558998379233944, -3.494811024956881, -3.402784319238127)))

Second Derivatives of Enthalpy

Description

Second Derivatives of Enthalpy

Usage

gsw_enthalpy_second_derivatives(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

A list containing h_SA_SA [ (J/kg)/(g/kg)^2 ], the second derivative of enthalpy with respect to Absolute Salinity, h_SA_CT [ (J/kg)/(K*g/kg) ], the derivative of enthalpy with respect to Absolute Salinity and Conservative Temperature, and h_CT_CT [ (J/kg)/degC^2 ], the second derivative of enthalpy with respect to Conservative Temperature.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_enthalpy_second_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
r <- gsw_enthalpy_second_derivatives(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$h_SA_SA, c(0.000080922482023, 0.000404963500641, 0.001059800046742,
                                 0.002431088963823, 0.006019611828423, 0.010225411250217)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$h_SA_CT, c(0.000130004715129, 0.000653614489248, 0.001877220817849,
                                 0.005470392103793, 0.014314756132297, 0.025195603327700)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$h_CT_CT, c(0.000714303909834, 0.003584401249266, 0.009718730753139,
                                 0.024064471995224, 0.061547884081343, 0.107493969308119)))

Second Derivatives of Enthalpy (exact)

Description

Second Derivatives of Enthalpy (exact)

Usage

gsw_enthalpy_second_derivatives_CT_exact(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_enthalpy_second_derivatives_CT_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
r <- gsw_enthalpy_second_derivatives_CT_exact(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$h_SA_SA, c(0.000082767011576, 0.000414469343141, 0.001089580017293,
                                 0.002472193425998, 0.006103171596320, 0.010377465312463)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$h_SA_CT, c(0.000130320164426, 0.000655016236924, 0.001879127443985,
                                 0.005468695168037, 0.014315709000526, 0.025192691262061)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$h_CT_CT, c(0.000714365642428, 0.003584965089168, 0.009733337653703,
                                 0.024044402143825, 0.061449390733344, 0.107333638394904)))

Seawater Specific Enthalpy in terms of in-situ Temperature

Description

Seawater Specific Enthalpy in terms of in-situ Temperature

Usage

gsw_enthalpy_t_exact(SA, t, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

specific enthalpy [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_enthalpy_t_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <- c( 28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
e <- gsw_enthalpy_t_exact(SA, t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(e/1e5, c(1.151032604783763, 1.140148036012021, 0.921799209310966,
                             0.432553283808897, 0.330872159700175, 0.269705880448018)))

First Derivatives of Entropy

Description

First Derivatives of Entropy

Usage

gsw_entropy_first_derivatives(SA, CT)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

Value

a list containing eta_SA [ (J/(kg*degC) / (g/kg) ], the derivative of entropy wrt Absolute Salinity, and eta_CT [ (J/(kg*degC^2) ], the derivative of entropy wrt Conservative Temperature.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_entropy_first_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
d <- gsw_entropy_first_derivatives(SA, CT)
stopifnot(all.equal(d$eta_SA, c(-0.263286800711655, -0.263977276574528, -0.255367497912925,
                                -0.238066586439561, -0.234438260606436, -0.232820684341694)))
stopifnot(all.equal(d$eta_CT, c(13.221031210083824, 13.236911191313675, 13.489004628681361,
                                14.086599016583795, 14.257729576432077, 14.386429945649411)))

Specific Entropy ito Absolute Salinity and Potential Temperature

Description

Calculates specific entropy in terms of Absolute Salinity and Potential Temperature.

Usage

gsw_entropy_from_pt(SA, pt)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

pt

potential temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

Value

specific entropy [ J/(kg*degC) ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_entropy_from_pt.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
pt <- c(28.7832, 28.4210, 22.7850, 10.2305,  6.8292,  4.3245)
e <- gsw_entropy_from_pt(SA, pt)
stopifnot(all.equal(e/1e2, c(4.003894674443156, 3.954383994925507, 3.198674385897981,
                             1.467905482842553, 0.986469100565646, 0.627913567234252)))

Specific Entropy i.t.o. Absolute Salinity, Temperature, and Pressure

Description

Calculates specific entropy in terms of Absolute Salinity, in-situ temperature and pressure.

Usage

gsw_entropy_from_t(SA, t, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

specific entropy [ J/(kg*K) ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_entropy_from_t.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <- c( 28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
e <- gsw_entropy_from_t(SA, t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(e/1e2, c(4.003894252787245, 3.954381784340642, 3.198664981986740,
                             1.467908815899072, 0.986473408657975, 0.627915087346090)))

Entropy of ice

Description

Entropy of ice

Usage

gsw_entropy_ice(t, p)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

entropy [ J/(kg*degC) ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_entropy_ice.html

Examples

t <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600,  -10.8863,  -8.4036)
p <- c(      10,       50,      125,      250,      600,      1000)
e <- gsw_entropy_ice(t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(e/1e3, c(-1.303663820598987, -1.324090218294577, -1.319426394193644,
                             -1.315402956671801, -1.305426590579231, -1.287021035328113)))

Second Derivatives of Entropy

Description

Second Derivatives of Entropy

Usage

gsw_entropy_second_derivatives(SA, CT)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

Value

A list containing eta_SA_SA [ (J/(K*kg))/(g/kg)^2 ], the second derivative of entropy with respect to Absolute Salinity, eta_SA_CT [ (J/(K*kg))/(K*g/kg) ], the derivative of entropy with respect to Absolute Salinity and Conservative Temperature, and eta_CT_CT [ (J/(K*kg))/K^2 ], the second derivative of entropy with respect to Conservative Temperature.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_entropy_second_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
r <- gsw_entropy_second_derivatives(SA, CT)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$eta_SA_SA, c(-0.007627718929669, -0.007591969960708, -0.007528186784540,
                                   -0.007455177590576, -0.007441108287466, -0.007414368396280)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$eta_SA_CT, c(-0.001833104216751, -0.001819473824306, -0.001580843823414,
                                   -0.000930111408561, -0.000717011215195, -0.000548410546830)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$eta_CT_CT, c(-0.043665023731109, -0.043781336189326, -0.045506114440888,
                                   -0.049708939454018, -0.050938690879443, -0.051875017843472)))

Properties of Frazil ice

Description

Calculation of Absolute Salinity, Conservative Temperature, and ice mass fraction based on bulk Absolute Salinity, bulk enthalpy, and pressure

Usage

gsw_frazil_properties(SA_bulk, h_bulk, p)

Arguments

SA_bulk

Absolute Salinity of a combination of seawater and ice [ g/kg ]

h_bulk

enthalpy of a mixture of seawater and ice [ J/kg ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

a list containing SA_final, h_final and w_Ih_final.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_frazil_properties.html

Examples

SA_bulk <- c(  34.7118,   34.8915,   35.0256,   34.8472,   34.7366,   34.7324)
h_bulk <- c( -4.5544e4, -4.6033e4, -4.5830e4, -4.5589e4, -4.4948e4, -4.4027e4)
p <- c(             10,        50,       125,       250,       600,      1000)
r <- gsw_frazil_properties(SA_bulk, h_bulk, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$SA_final, c(39.111030663000442, 39.407625769681573, 39.595789974885108,
                                  39.481230045372889, 39.591177095552503, 39.826467709177123)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT_final, c(-2.156311126114311, -2.204672298963783, -2.273689262333450,
                                  -2.363714136353600, -2.644541000680772, -2.977651291726651)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$w_Ih_final, c(0.112480560814322, 0.114600300867556, 0.115421108602301,
                                    0.117372990660305, 0.122617649983886, 0.127906590822347)))

Properties of Frazil ice i.t.o. potential enthalpy

Description

Calculation of Absolute Salinity, Conservative Temperature, and ice mass fraction based on bulk Absolute Salinity, bulk potential enthalpy, and pressure

Usage

gsw_frazil_properties_potential(SA_bulk, h_pot_bulk, p)

Arguments

SA_bulk

Absolute Salinity of a combination of seawater and ice [ g/kg ]

h_pot_bulk

potential enthalpy of a mixture of seawater and ice [ J/kg ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

a list containing SA_final, h_final and w_Ih_final.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_frazil_properties_potential.html

Examples

SA_bulk <- c(     34.7118,   34.8915,   35.0256,   34.8472,   34.7366,   34.7324)
h_pot_bulk <- c(-4.5544e4, -4.6033e4, -4.5830e4, -4.5589e4, -4.4948e4, -4.4027e4)
p <- c(                 10,        50,       125,       250,       600,      1000)
r <- gsw_frazil_properties_potential(SA_bulk, h_pot_bulk, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$SA_final, c(39.098258701462051, 39.343217598625756, 39.434254585716296,
                                  39.159536295126657, 38.820511558004590, 38.542322667924459)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT_final, c(-2.155553336670014, -2.200844802695826, -2.264077329325076,
                                  -2.344567015865174, -2.598559540430464, -2.900814843304696)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$w_Ih_final, c(0.112190640891586, 0.113150826758543, 0.111797588975174,
                                    0.110122251260246, 0.105199838799201, 0.098850365110330)))

Properties of Frazil ice i.t.o. potential enthalpy (polynomial version)

Description

Calculation of Absolute Salinity, Conservative Temperature, and ice mass fraction based on bulk Absolute Salinity, bulk potential enthalpy, and pressure

Usage

gsw_frazil_properties_potential_poly(SA_bulk, h_pot_bulk, p)

Arguments

SA_bulk

Absolute Salinity of a combination of seawater and ice [ g/kg ]

h_pot_bulk

potential enthalpy of a mixture of seawater and ice [ J/kg ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

a list containing SA_final, h_final and w_Ih_final.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_frazil_properties_potential_poly.html

Examples

SA_bulk <- c(     34.7118,   34.8915,   35.0256,   34.8472,   34.7366,   34.7324)
h_pot_bulk <- c(-4.5544e4, -4.6033e4, -4.5830e4, -4.5589e4, -4.4948e4, -4.4027e4)
p <- c(                10,        50,       125,       250,       600,      1000)
r <- gsw_frazil_properties_potential_poly(SA_bulk, h_pot_bulk, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$SA_final, c(39.098264696022831, 39.343217436835218, 39.434244243586633,
                                  39.159511498029801, 38.820458704205542, 38.542256756176229)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT_final, c(-2.155537691991377, -2.200841508940901, -2.264094318382661,
                                  -2.344613208230164, -2.598663953454472, -2.900948531145453)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$w_Ih_final, c(0.112190777010854, 0.113150823111566, 0.111797356032850,
                                    0.110121687760246, 0.105198620534670, 0.098848824039493)))

Ratios of SA, CT and p changes when Frazil Ice Forms

Description

Ratios of changes in SA, CT and p that occur when frazil ice forms due to changes in pressure upon the mixture of seawater and ice.

Usage

gsw_frazil_ratios_adiabatic(SA, p, w_Ih)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

w_Ih

initial mass fraction (ice) / (water + ice)

Value

a list containing dSA_dCT_frazil, dSA_dP_frazil and dCT_dP_frazil.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_frazil_ratios_adiabatic.html

Examples

SA <- c(  34.7118,   34.8915,   35.0256,   34.8472,   34.7366,   34.7324)
p <- c(        10,        50,       125,       250,       600,      1000)
w_Ih <- c(    0.9,      0.84,       0.4,      0.25,      0.05,      0.01)
r <- gsw_frazil_ratios_adiabatic(SA, p, w_Ih)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$dSA_dCT_frazil,
    c(3.035152370800401, 1.932548405396193, 0.613212115809003,
     0.516103092738565, 0.436656742034200, 0.425827266533876)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$dSA_dP_frazil/1e-6,
    c(-0.197406834470366, -0.133213926580032, -0.045580136143659,
     -0.038806356507548, -0.033541272953744, -0.033350141194082)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$dCT_dP_frazil/1e-7,
    c(-0.650401727338347, -0.689317412221414, -0.743301297684333,
     -0.751910946738026, -0.768138213038669, -0.783184728059898)))

Ratios of SA, CT and p changes when Frazil Ice Forms (polynomial form)

Description

Ratios of changes in SA, CT and p that occur when frazil ice forms due to changes in pressure upon the mixture of seawater and ice.

Usage

gsw_frazil_ratios_adiabatic_poly(SA, p, w_Ih)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

w_Ih

initial mass fraction (ice) / (water + ice)

Value

a list containing dSA_dCT_frazil, dSA_dP_frazil and dCT_dP_frazil.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_frazil_ratios_adiabatic_poly.html

Examples

SA <- c(  34.7118,   34.8915,   35.0256,   34.8472,   34.7366,   34.7324)
p <- c(        10,        50,       125,       250,       600,      1000)
w_Ih <- c(    0.9,      0.84,       0.4,      0.25,      0.05,      0.01)
r <- gsw_frazil_ratios_adiabatic_poly(SA, p, w_Ih)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$dSA_dCT_frazil,
    c(3.035308957896530, 1.932631198810934, 0.613220785586734,
     0.516106221687200, 0.436657158542033, 0.425827675768018)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$dSA_dP_frazil/1e-6,
    c(-0.197512213108610, -0.133280971893621, -0.045599951957139,
      -0.038820466574251, -0.033548047632788, -0.033352365425407)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$dCT_dP_frazil/1e-7,
    c(-0.650715350062703, -0.689634794137768, -0.743613932027895,
     -0.752179782823459, -0.768292629045686, -0.783236208526200)))

Geostrophic Dynamic Height Anomaly

Description

This calculates a geopotential anomaly, called either the dynamic height anomaly or the geostrophic streamfunction in the TEOS-10 document listed as [1] below; users should read that and the references therein for more details on the definition and its calculation here.

To get the column-integrated value in meters, take the first value of the returned vector and divide by 9.7963m/s^2. Note that this yields an integral with the top measured pressure (not zero) as an upper limit.

Usage

gsw_geo_strf_dyn_height(SA, CT, p, p_ref = 0)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

p_ref

reference pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Details

Because of the scheme used in the underlying C code, the pressures must be in order, and must not have any repeats. Also, there must be at least 4 pressure values. Violating any of these three restrictions yields an error.

If p_ref exceeds the largest p value, a vector of zeros is returned, in accordance with the underlying C code.

Note the alteration of the test-value tolerance from a much smaller default. This is required because the test values derive from the GSW-Matlab code, which uses a different interpolation scheme than the GSW-C code, upon which GSW-R relies. See References 2 and 3 for more on this topic.

Value

A vector containing geopotential anomaly in m^2/s^2 for each level. For more on the units, see [2].

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

1. http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_geo_strf_dyn_height.html 2. https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-R/issues/47 3. Barker, Paul M., and Trevor J. McDougall. "Two Interpolation Methods Using Multiply-Rotated Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomials." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 37, no. 4 (April 2020): 605–19.

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
p_ref <- 500
dh <- gsw_geo_strf_dyn_height(SA, CT, p, p_ref)
# NOTE: see Details for the reason for the coarse tolerance.
stopifnot(all.equal(dh,
    c(12.172172845782585, 9.797739925848624, 6.070940749148281,
      3.042891445395256, -1.078872239804912, -4.656953829254061),
    tolerance=0.02))

Geostrophic Dynamic Height Anomaly (provisional version)

Description

This calculates a geopotential anomaly, called either the dynamic height anomaly or the geostrophic streamfunction in the TEOS-10 document listed as [1] below.

Usage

gsw_geo_strf_dyn_height_1(SA, CT, p, p_ref = 0, max_dp = 1, interp_method = 2)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

p_ref

reference pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

max_dp

numeric value indicating the maximum tolerated pressure separation between levels. If any pressure step exceeds max_dp, then a uniform grid is constructed with max_dp as the interval.

interp_method

integer specifying interpolation scheme (1 for linear, 2 for pchip)

Details

If p_ref exceeds the largest p value, a vector of zeros is returned, in accordance with the underlying C code.

Value

A vector containing geopotential anomaly in m^2/s^2 for each level. For more on the units, see [2].

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

1. http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_geo_strf_dyn_height.html

2. Talley et al., 2011. Descriptive Physical Oceanography, Edition 6, Elsevier.

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
p_ref <- 1000
dh <- gsw_geo_strf_dyn_height_1(SA, CT, p, p_ref, 1, 2)
## FIXME: The following test values fail.
## all.equal(dh, c(17.039204557769487, 14.665853784722286, 10.912861136923812,
##                 7.567928838774945, 3.393524055565328, 0))

Geostrophic Dynamic Height Anomaly (Piecewise-Constant Profile)

Description

Geostrophic Dynamic Height Anomaly (Piecewise-Constant Profile)

Usage

gsw_geo_strf_dyn_height_pc(SA, CT, delta_p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

delta_p

difference in sea pressure between the deep and shallow limits of layers within which SA and CT are assumed to be constant. Note that delta_p must be positive.

Value

A list containing dyn_height, the dynamic height anomaly [ m^2/s^2 ], and p_mid [ dbar ], the pressures at the layer centres. Note that the dynamic height anomaly unit, also known as a "dynamic meter", corresponds to approximately 1.02 metres of sealevel height (see e.g. Talley et al., 2011. Descriptive Physical Oceanography, Edition 6. Elsevier).

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_geo_strf_dyn_height.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
delta_p <- c(10,      40,      75,     125,     350,     400)
r <- gsw_geo_strf_dyn_height_pc(SA, CT, delta_p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$dyn_height, c(-0.300346215853487, -1.755165998114308, -4.423531083131365,
                                    -6.816659136254657, -9.453175257818430, -12.721009624991439)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$p_mid/1e2, c(0.050000000000000, 0.300000000000000, 0.875000000000000,
                                   1.875000000000000, 4.250000000000000, 8.000000000000000)))

Gibbs Energy of Seawater, and its Derivatives

Description

Gibbs Energy of Seawater, and its Derivatives

Usage

gsw_gibbs(ns, nt, np, SA, t, p = 0)

Arguments

ns

An integer, the order of the SA derivative. Must be 0, 1, or 2.

nt

An integer, the order of the t derivative. Must be 0, 1, or 2.

np

An integer, the order of the p derivative. Must be 0, 1, or 2.

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Gibbs energy [ J/kg ] if ns=nt=np=0. Derivative of energy with respect to SA [ J/kg/(g/kg)^ns ] if ns is nonzero and nt=np=0, etc. Note that derivatives with respect to pressure are in units with Pa, not dbar.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

Caution

The TEOS-10 webpage for gsw_gibbs does not provide test values, so the present R version should be considered untested.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_gibbs.html

Examples

library(gsw)
p <- seq(0, 100, 1)
SA <- rep(35, length(p))
t <- rep(-5, length(p))
## Check the derivative wrt pressure. Note the unit change
E <- gsw_gibbs(0, 0, 0, SA, t, p)
# Estimate derivative from linear fit (try plotting: it is very linear)
m <- lm(E ~ p)
print(summary(m))
plot(p, E)
abline(m)
dEdp1 <- coef(m)[2]
# Calculate derivative ... note we multiply by 1e4 to get from 1/Pa to 1/dbar
dEdp2 <- 1e4 * gsw_gibbs(0, 0, 1, SA[1], t[1], p[1])
## Ratio
dEdp1 / dEdp2

Gibbs Energy of Ice, and its Derivatives

Description

Gibbs Energy of Ice, and its Derivatives

Usage

gsw_gibbs_ice(nt, np, t, p = 0)

Arguments

nt

An integer, the order of the t derivative. Must be 0, 1, or 2.

np

An integer, the order of the p derivative. Must be 0, 1, or 2.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Gibbs energy [ J/kg ] if ns=nt=np=0. Derivative of energy with respect to t [ J/kg/(degC)^nt ] if nt is nonzero, etc. Note that derivatives with respect to pressure are in units with Pa, not dbar.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

Caution

The TEOS-10 webpage for gsw_gibbs_ice does not provide test values, so the present R version should be considered untested.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_gibbs_ice.html

Examples

library(gsw)
p <- seq(0, 100, 1)
t <- rep(-5, length(p))
## Check the derivative wrt pressure. Note the unit change
E <- gsw_gibbs_ice(0, 0, t, p)
# Estimate derivative from linear fit (try plotting: it is very linear)
m <- lm(E ~ p)
print(summary(m))
plot(p, E)
abline(m)
dEdp1 <- coef(m)[2]
# Calculate derivative ... note we multiply by 1e4 to get from 1/Pa to 1/dbar
dEdp2 <- 1e4 * gsw_gibbs_ice(0, 1, t[1], p[1])
## Ratio
dEdp1 / dEdp2

Gravitational Acceleration

Description

Gravitational Acceleration

Usage

gsw_grav(latitude, p = 0)

Arguments

latitude

latitude in decimal degrees, positive to the north of the equator. (This is called lat in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

gravitational acceleration [ m/s^2 ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_grav.html

Examples

lat <- c(-90, -60, -30, 0)
grav <- gsw_grav(lat)
stopifnot(all.equal(grav, c(9.832186205884799, 9.819178859991149,
                            9.793249257048750, 9.780327000000000)))

Ice Fraction to Cool Seawater to Freezing

Description

Ice Fraction to Cool Seawater to Freezing

Usage

gsw_ice_fraction_to_freeze_seawater(SA, CT, p, t_Ih)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

t_Ih

initial temperature of ice [ degC ]

Value

a list containing SA_freeze, CT_freeze and w_Ih.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_ice_fraction_to_freeze_seawater.html

Examples

SA <- c(   34.7118,  34.8915,  35.0256,  34.8472,  34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(   28.7856,  28.4329,  22.8103,  10.2600,   6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(         10,       50,      125,      250,      600,    1000)
t_Ih <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600, -10.8863, -8.4036)
r <- gsw_ice_fraction_to_freeze_seawater(SA, CT, p, t_Ih)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$SA_freeze, c(25.823952352620722, 26.120495895535438, 27.460572941868072,
                                   30.629978769577168, 31.458222332943784, 32.121170316796444)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT_freeze, c(-1.389936216242376, -1.437013334134283, -1.569815847128818,
                                   -1.846419165657020, -2.166786673735941, -2.522730879078756)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$w_Ih, c(0.256046867272203, 0.251379393389925, 0.215985652155336,
                              0.121020375537284, 0.094378196687535, 0.075181377710828)))

Determine whether a point is inside the 'funnel' of acceptable values

Description

This function determines whether a given hydrographic value lies what the TEOS-10 literature calls a "funnel" of values that lead to acceptably accurate computation of specific volume. For more details, consult the TEOS-10 literature, perhaps starting with the materials referred to in the webpage cited in the ‘References’ section.

Usage

gsw_infunnel(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

a logical value indicating whether the given point is inside the funnel of acceptable values.

References

https://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_infunnel.html

Examples

library(gsw)
gsw_infunnel(35, 10, 100) # TRUE
gsw_infunnel(45, 10, 100) # FALSE: too salty
gsw_infunnel(35, -4, 100) # FALSE: below freezing

Specific Internal Energy of Seawater (75-term equation)

Description

Specific Internal Energy of Seawater (75-term equation)

Usage

gsw_internal_energy(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

specific internal energy [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_internal_energy.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
e <- gsw_internal_energy(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(e/1e5, c(1.148091576956162, 1.134013145527675, 0.909571141498779,
                             0.408593072177020, 0.273985276460357, 0.175019409258405)))

Specific Internal Energy of Ice (75-term equation)

Description

Specific Internal Energy of Ice (75-term equation)

Usage

gsw_internal_energy_ice(t, p)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

specific internal energy [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_internal_energy_ice.html

Examples

t_Ih <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600,  -10.8863,  -8.4036)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
e <- gsw_internal_energy_ice(t_Ih, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(e/1e5, c(-3.556606992432442, -3.609926216929878, -3.597799043634774,
                             -3.587312078410920, -3.561207060376329, -3.512700418975375)))

Isentropic Compressibility of Seawater (75-term equation)

Description

Isentropic Compressibility of Seawater (75-term equation)

Usage

gsw_kappa(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

isentropic compressibility [ 1/Pa ] (not 1/dbar)

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_kappa.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <-c( 28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
kappa <- gsw_kappa(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(kappa*1e9, c(0.411343648791300, 0.411105416128094, 0.416566236026610,
                                 0.435588650838751, 0.438782500588955, 0.439842289994702)))

Isothermal Compressibility of Ice

Description

Calculate isothermal compressibility of ice, in 1/Pa.

Usage

gsw_kappa_const_t_ice(t, p)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

isothermal compressibility of ice [ 1/Pa ] (not 1/dbar)

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_kappa_const_t_ice.html

Examples

t <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600,  -10.8863,  -8.4036)
p <- c(      10,       50,      125,      250,       600,     1000)
kappa <- gsw_kappa_const_t_ice(t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(kappa*1e9, c(0.115874753261484, 0.115384948953145, 0.115442212717850,
                                 0.115452884634531, 0.115454824232421, 0.115619994536961)))

Isentropic Compressibility of Ice

Description

Calculate isentropic compressibility of ice, in 1/Pa.

Usage

gsw_kappa_ice(t, p)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

isentropic compressibility of ice [ 1/Pa ] (not 1/dbar)

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_kappa_ice.html

Examples

t <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600,  -10.8863,  -8.4036)
p <- c(      10,       50,      125,      250,       600,     1000)
kappa <- gsw_kappa_ice(t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(kappa*1e9, c(0.112495239053936, 0.112070687842183, 0.112119091047584,
                                 0.112126504739297, 0.112123513812840, 0.112262589530974)))

Isentropic compressibility of seawater (exact)

Description

Isentropic compressibility of seawater (exact)

Usage

gsw_kappa_t_exact(SA, t, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

isentropic compressibility [ 1/Pa ] (not 1/dbar)

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_kappa_t_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <-c( 28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
kappa <- gsw_kappa(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(kappa*1e9,
    c(0.411343648791300, 0.411105416128094, 0.416566236026610,
     0.435588650838751, 0.438782500588955, 0.439842289994702)))

Latent heat of evaporation

Description

Latent heat of evaporation

Usage

gsw_latentheat_evap_CT(SA, CT)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

Value

latent heat of evaporation [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_latentheat_evap_CT.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
lh  <- gsw_latentheat_evap_CT(SA, CT)
stopifnot(all.equal(lh/1e6, c(2.429947107462561, 2.430774073049213, 2.444220372158452,
                              2.474127109232524, 2.482151446148560, 2.488052297193594)))

Latent heat of evaporation

Description

Latent heat of evaporation

Usage

gsw_latentheat_evap_t(SA, t)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

Value

latent heat of evaporation [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_latentheat_evap_t.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <- c( 28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
lh = gsw_latentheat_evap_t(SA, t)
stopifnot(all.equal(lh/1e6, c(2.429882982734836, 2.430730236218543, 2.444217294049004,
                              2.474137411322517, 2.482156276375029, 2.488054617630297)))

Latent Heat of Melting

Description

Latent Heat of Melting

Usage

gsw_latentheat_melting(SA, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

latent heat of freezing [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_latentheat_melting.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
lh <- gsw_latentheat_melting(SA, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(lh/1e5, c(3.299496680271213, 3.298613352397986, 3.297125622834541,
                              3.294973895330757, 3.288480445559747, 3.280715862416388)))

Calculate d(SA)/d(CT) for Ice Melting in Seawater

Description

Calculate d(SA)/d(CT) for Ice Melting in Seawater

Usage

gsw_melting_ice_SA_CT_ratio(SA, CT, p, t_Ih)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

t_Ih

initial temperature of ice [ degC ]

Value

ratio of change in SA to change in CT [ g/kg/degC ].

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_melting_ice_SA_CT_ratio.html

Examples

SA <- c(   34.7118,  34.8915,  35.0256,  34.8472,  34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(    3.7856,   3.4329,   2.8103,   1.2600,   0.6886,  0.4403)
p <- c(         10,       50,      125,      250,      600,    1000)
t_Ih <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600, -10.8863, -8.4036)
r <- gsw_melting_ice_SA_CT_ratio(SA, CT, p, t_Ih)
stopifnot(all.equal(r, c(0.373840909022490, 0.371878514972099, 0.377104664622191,
                         0.382777696796156, 0.387133845152000, 0.393947316026914)))

Calculate d(SA)/d(CT) for Ice Melting in Seawater (Polynomial version)

Description

Calculate d(SA)/d(CT) for Ice Melting in Seawater (Polynomial version)

Usage

gsw_melting_ice_SA_CT_ratio_poly(SA, CT, p, t_Ih)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

t_Ih

initial temperature of ice [ degC ]

Value

ratio of change in SA to change in CT [ g/kg/degC ].

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_melting_ice_SA_CT_ratio_poly.html

Examples

SA <- c(   34.7118,  34.8915,  35.0256,  34.8472,  34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(    3.7856,   3.4329,   2.8103,   1.2600,   0.6886,  0.4403)
p <- c(         10,       50,      125,      250,      600,    1000)
t_Ih <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600, -10.8863, -8.4036)
r <- gsw_melting_ice_SA_CT_ratio_poly(SA, CT, p, t_Ih)
stopifnot(all.equal(r, c(0.373840908629278, 0.371878512745054, 0.377104658031030,
                         0.382777681212224, 0.387133812279563, 0.393947267481204)))

Calculate d(SA)/d(CT) for Ice Melting in near-freezing Seawater

Description

Calculate d(SA)/d(CT) for Ice Melting in near-freezing Seawater

Usage

gsw_melting_ice_equilibrium_SA_CT_ratio(SA, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

ratio of change in SA to change in CT [ g/kg/degC ].

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_melting_ice_equilibrium_SA_CT_ratio.html

Examples

SA <- c(   34.7118,  34.8915,  35.0256,  34.8472,  34.7366, 34.7324)
p <- c(         10,       50,      125,      250,      600,    1000)
r <- gsw_melting_ice_equilibrium_SA_CT_ratio(SA, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r, c(0.420209509196985, 0.422511693121631, 0.424345503216433,
                         0.422475836091426, 0.422023427778221, 0.423037622331042)))

Calculate d(SA)/d(CT) for Ice Melting in near-freezing Seawater (Polynomial version)

Description

Calculate d(SA)/d(CT) for Ice Melting in near-freezing Seawater (Polynomial version)

Usage

gsw_melting_ice_equilibrium_SA_CT_ratio_poly(SA, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

ratio of change in SA to change in CT [ g/kg/degC ].

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_melting_ice_equilibrium_SA_CT_ratio_poly.html

Examples

SA <- c(   34.7118,  34.8915,  35.0256,  34.8472,  34.7366, 34.7324)
p <- c(         10,       50,      125,      250,      600,    1000)
r <- gsw_melting_ice_equilibrium_SA_CT_ratio_poly(SA, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r, c(0.420209444587263, 0.422511664682796, 0.424345538275708,
                         0.422475965003649, 0.422023755182266, 0.423038080717229)))

Calculate properties related to ice melting in seawater

Description

Calculate properties related to ice melting in seawater

Usage

gsw_melting_ice_into_seawater(SA, CT, p, w_Ih, t_Ih)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

w_Ih

initial mass fraction (ice) / (water + ice)

t_Ih

initial temperature of ice [ degC ]

Value

a list containing SA_final, CT_final and w_Ih_final.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_melting_ice_into_seawater.html

Examples

SA <- c(  34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(   4.7856,  2.4329,  1.8103,  1.2600,  0.6886,  0.4403)
p <- c(        10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
w_Ih <- c( 0.0560, 0.02513, 0.02159, 0.01210, 0.00943, 0.00751)
t_Ih <- c(-4.7856, -4.4329, -3.8103, -4.2600, -3.8863, -3.4036)
r <- gsw_melting_ice_into_seawater(SA, CT, p, w_Ih, t_Ih)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$SA_final, c(32.767939199999994, 34.014676604999998, 34.269397295999994,
                                  34.425548880000001, 34.409033862000001, 34.471559675999998)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT_final, c(-0.298448911022612, 0.215263001418312, -0.074341719211557,
                                  0.207796293045473, -0.123785388299875, -0.202531182809225)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$w_Ih_final, rep(0, 6)))

Calculate properties related to seaice melting in seawater

Description

Calculate properties related to seaice melting in seawater

Usage

gsw_melting_seaice_into_seawater(SA, CT, p, w_seaice, SA_seaice, t_seaice)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

w_seaice

mass fraction (seaice) / (water + seaice)

SA_seaice

Absolute Salinity of seaice

t_seaice

temperature of seaice

Value

a list containing SA_final and CT_final.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_melting_seaice_into_seawater.html

Examples

SA <- c(      34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(       4.7856,  2.4329,  1.8103,  1.2600,  0.6886,  0.4403)
p <- c(            10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
w_seaice <- c( 0.0560, 0.02513, 0.02159, 0.01210, 0.00943, 0.00751)
SA_seaice <- c(     5,     4.8,     3.5,     2.5,       1,     0.4)
t_seaice <- c(-4.7856, -4.4329, -3.8103, -4.2600, -3.8863, -3.4036)
r <- gsw_melting_seaice_into_seawater(SA, CT, p, w_seaice, SA_seaice, t_seaice)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$SA_final, c(33.047939199999995, 34.135300604999998, 34.344962295999999,
                                  34.455798880000003, 34.418463862000003, 34.474563675999995)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT_final, c(-0.018822367305381, 0.345095540241769, 0.020418581143151,
                                  0.242672380976922, -0.111078380121959, -0.197363471215418)))

Pressure from height (75-term equation)

Description

Pressure from height (75-term equation)

Usage

gsw_p_from_z(z, latitude, geo_strf_dyn_height, sea_surface_geopotential)

Arguments

z

height, zero at surface (but note last 2 args) and positive upwards [ m ]

latitude

latitude in decimal degrees, positive to the north of the equator. (This is called lat in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

geo_strf_dyn_height

vector of same length as z and latitude, indicating dynamic height [ m^2/s^2 ]. If not supplied, this defaults to a vector of 0 values, with length matching that of z.

sea_surface_geopotential

vector of same length as z and latitude, indicating geopotential at zero sea pressure [ m^2/s^2 ]. If not supplied, this defaults to a vector of 0 values, with length matching that of z.

Value

sea pressure [ dbar ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

Historical Note

The geo_strf_dyn_height and sea_surface_geopotential parameters were added in GSW-R version 1.0-6.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_p_from_z.html

Examples

z <- -c(10, 50, 125, 250, 600, 1000)
latitude <- 4
p <- gsw_p_from_z(z, latitude)
stopifnot(all.equal(p/1e3, c(0.010055726724518, 0.050283543374874, 0.125731858435610,
                             0.251540299593468, 0.604210012340727, 1.007990337692001)))

Potential Enthalpy of Ice

Description

Potential Enthalpy of Ice

Usage

gsw_pot_enthalpy_from_pt_ice(pt0_ice)

Arguments

pt0_ice

potential temperature of ice (ITS-90) [ degC ]

Value

potential enthalpy [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pot_enthalpy_from_pt_ice.html

Examples

pt0_ice <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600,  -10.8863,  -8.4036)
e <- gsw_pot_enthalpy_from_pt_ice(pt0_ice)
stopifnot(all.equal(e/1e5, c(-3.555459449611868, -3.608607069998877, -3.596153890859193,
                             -3.585123178806596, -3.557490528226009, -3.507198313847837)))

Potential Enthalpy of Ice (Polynomial version)

Description

Potential Enthalpy of Ice (Polynomial version)

Usage

gsw_pot_enthalpy_from_pt_ice_poly(pt0_ice)

Arguments

pt0_ice

potential temperature of ice (ITS-90) [ degC ]

Value

potential enthalpy [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pot_enthalpy_from_pt_ice_poly.html

Examples

pt0_ice <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600,  -10.8863,  -8.4036)
e <- gsw_pot_enthalpy_from_pt_ice_poly(pt0_ice)
stopifnot(all.equal(e/1e5, c(-3.555459482216265, -3.608607100959428, -3.596153924697033,
                             -3.585123214031169, -3.557490561327994, -3.507198320793373)))

Potential Enthalpy of Ice at Freezing Point

Description

Potential Enthalpy of Ice at Freezing Point

Usage

gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing(SA, p, saturation_fraction = 1)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

saturation_fraction

fraction of air in water [unitless]

Value

potential enthalpy [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

Bugs

1. The C source underlying this function lacks an argument, saturation_fraction, which is present in the Matlab source, and so that argument is ignored here.

2. The R code does not reproduce the check values stated at http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing.html. Those values are incorporated in the test provided in ‘Examples’, so that test is not performed during build tests. See https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-R/issues/27.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
saturation_fraction = 1
e <- gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing(SA, p, saturation_fraction)
## Not run: 
stopifnot(all.equal(e/1e5, c(-3.373409558967978, -3.374434164002012, -3.376117536928847,
                             -3.378453698871986, -3.385497832886802, -3.393768587631489)))

## End(Not run)

First Derivatives of Potential Enthalpy

Description

First Derivatives of Potential Enthalpy

Usage

gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_first_derivatives(SA, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

A list containing pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_SA [ (J/kg)/(g/kg) ], the derivative of potential enthalpy with respect to Absolute Salinity, and pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_p [ unitless ], the derivative of Conservative Temperature with respect to potential temperature. (Note that the second quantity is denoted pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_P in the documentation for the Matlab function.)

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_first_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
r <- gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_first_derivatives(SA, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_SA/1e2,
      c(-1.183484968590718, -1.184125268891200, -1.184619267864844,
      -1.184026131143674, -1.183727706650925, -1.183814873741961)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_p/1e-3,
      c(-0.202880939983260, -0.203087335312542, -0.203473018454630,
      -0.204112435106666, -0.205889571619502, -0.207895691215823)))

First Derivatives of Potential Enthalpy (Polynomial version)

Description

First Derivatives of Potential Enthalpy (Polynomial version)

Usage

gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_first_derivatives_poly(SA, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_first_derivatives_poly.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
r <- gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_first_derivatives_poly(SA, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_SA/1e2,
      c(-1.183498006918154, -1.184135169530602, -1.184626138334419,
      -1.184032656542549, -1.183727371435808, -1.183805326863513)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_p/1e-3,
      c(-0.202934280214689, -0.203136950111241, -0.203515960539503,
      -0.204145112153220, -0.205898365024147, -0.207885289186464)))

Potential Enthalpy of Ice at Freezing Point (Polynomial version)

Description

Potential Enthalpy of Ice at Freezing Point (Polynomial version)

Usage

gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_poly(SA, p, saturation_fraction = 1)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

saturation_fraction

fraction of air in water [unitless]

Value

potential enthalpy [ J/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_poly.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
saturation_fraction = 1
e <- gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_poly(SA, p, saturation_fraction)
stopifnot(all.equal(e/1e5, c(-3.373370858777002, -3.374395733068549, -3.376079507278181,
                             -3.378416106344322, -3.385460970578123, -3.393731732645173)))

Potential density

Description

Potential density

Usage

gsw_pot_rho_t_exact(SA, t, p, p_ref)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

p_ref

reference pressure [ dbar ]

Value

potential density [ kg/m^3 ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pot_rho_t_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <- c( 28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
p_ref  <- 0
prho <- gsw_pot_rho_t_exact(SA,t,p,p_ref)
stopifnot(all.equal(prho/1e3, c(1.021798145811089, 1.022052484416980, 1.023893583651958,
                                1.026667621124443, 1.027107230868492, 1.027409631264134)))

Pressure Coefficient for Ice

Description

Pressure Coefficient for Ice

Usage

gsw_pressure_coefficient_ice(t, p)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

specific internal energy [ Pa/degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pressure_coefficient_ice.html

Examples

t <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600,  -10.8863,  -8.4036)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
pc <- gsw_pressure_coefficient_ice(t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(pc/1e6, c(1.333098059787838, 1.326359005133730, 1.327354133828322,
                              1.327793888831923, 1.328549609231685, 1.331416733490227)))

Pressure at which Seawater Freezes

Description

Pressure at which Seawater Freezes

Usage

gsw_pressure_freezing_CT(SA, CT, saturation_fraction = 1)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

saturation_fraction

fraction of air in water [unitless]

Value

pressure at which freezing will occur [ dbar ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pressure_freezing_CT.html

Examples

SA <- c(                 34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(                 -1.8996, -1.9407, -2.0062, -2.0923, -2.3593, -2.6771)
saturation_fraction <- c(       1,    0.8,     0.6,     0.5,     0.4,       0)
p <- gsw_pressure_freezing_CT(SA, CT, saturation_fraction)
stopifnot(all.equal(p/1e3, c(0.009890530270710, 0.050376026585933, 0.125933117050624,
                             0.251150973076077, 0.601441775836021, 1.002273338145043)))

Potential temperature referenced to the surface

Description

Potential temperature referenced to the surface

Usage

gsw_pt0_from_t(SA, t, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

potential temperature [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pt0_from_t.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <- c( 28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
pt0 <- gsw_pt0_from_t(SA, t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(pt0, c(28.783196819670632, 28.420983342398962, 22.784930399117108,
                           10.230523661095731, 6.829230224409661, 4.324510571845719)))

Potential Temperature of Ice Referenced to the Surface

Description

Potential Temperature of Ice Referenced to the Surface

Usage

gsw_pt0_from_t_ice(t, p)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

potential temperature [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pt0_from_t_ice.html

Examples

t  <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600, -10.8863, -8.4036)
p <- c(       10,       50,      125,      250,      600,    1000)
pt0 <- gsw_pt0_from_t_ice(t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(pt0, c(-10.787787898205298, -13.443730926050607, -12.837427056999708,
                           -12.314321615760905, -11.017040858094250, -8.622907355083088)))

First Derivatives of Potential Temperature

Description

First Derivatives of Potential Temperature

Usage

gsw_pt_first_derivatives(SA, CT)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

Value

A list containing pt_SA [ K/(g/kg) ], the derivative of potential temperature with respect to Absolute Salinity, and pt_CT [ unitless ], the derivative of potential temperature with respect to Conservative Temperature.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pt_first_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
r <- gsw_pt_first_derivatives(SA, CT)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$pt_SA, c(0.041863223165431, 0.041452303483011, 0.034682095247246,
                               0.018711079068408, 0.014079958329844, 0.010577326129948)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$pt_CT, c(0.997192967140242, 0.997451686508335, 0.998357568277750,
                               0.999996224076267, 1.000283719083268, 1.000525947028218)))

Potential temperature from Conservative Temperature

Description

Potential temperature from Conservative Temperature

Usage

gsw_pt_from_CT(SA, CT)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

Value

potential temperature [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pt_from_CT.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
pt <- gsw_pt_from_CT(SA, CT)
stopifnot(all.equal(pt, c(28.783177048624573, 28.420955597191984, 22.784953468087107,
                          10.230534394434429, 6.829216587061605, 4.324534835990236)))

Potential Temperature from Entropy

Description

Potential Temperature from Entropy

Usage

gsw_pt_from_entropy(SA, entropy)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

entropy

specific entropy [ J/(degC*kg) ]

Value

potential temperature [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pt_from_entropy.html

Examples

SA <- c(      34.7118,  34.8915,  35.0256,  34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
entropy <- c(400.3892, 395.4378, 319.8668, 146.7910, 98.6471, 62.7919)
pt <- gsw_pt_from_entropy(SA, entropy)
stopifnot(all.equal(pt, c(28.783179828078666, 28.420954825949291, 22.784952736245351,
                          10.230532066931868, 6.829213325916900, 4.324537782985845)))

Potential Temperature from Potential Enthalpy of Ice

Description

Potential Temperature from Potential Enthalpy of Ice

Usage

gsw_pt_from_pot_enthalpy_ice(pot_enthalpy_ice)

Arguments

pot_enthalpy_ice

potential enthalpy of ice [ J/kg ]

Value

potential temperature [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pt_from_pot_enthalpy_ice.html

Examples

pot_enthalpy_ice <- c(-3.5544e5, -3.6033e5, -3.5830e5, -3.5589e5, -3.4948e5, -3.4027e5)
pt <- gsw_pt_from_pot_enthalpy_ice(pot_enthalpy_ice)
stopifnot(all.equal(pt, c(-10.733087588125384, -13.167397822300588, -12.154205899172704,
                          -10.956202704066083, -7.794963180206421, -3.314905214262531)))

Potential Temperature from Potential Enthalpy of Ice (Polynomial version)

Description

Potential Temperature from Potential Enthalpy of Ice (Polynomial version)

Usage

gsw_pt_from_pot_enthalpy_ice_poly(pot_enthalpy_ice)

Arguments

pot_enthalpy_ice

potential enthalpy of ice [ J/kg ]

Value

potential temperature [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pt_from_pot_enthalpy_ice_poly.html

Examples

pot_enthalpy_ice <- c(-3.5544e5, -3.6033e5, -3.5830e5, -3.5589e5, -3.4948e5, -3.4027e5)
pt <- gsw_pt_from_pot_enthalpy_ice_poly(pot_enthalpy_ice)
stopifnot(all.equal(pt, c(-10.733085986035007, -13.167396204945987, -12.154204137867396,
                          -10.956201046447006, -7.794963341294590, -3.314907552013722)))

Potential Temperature from in-situ Temperature

Description

Potential Temperature from in-situ Temperature

Usage

gsw_pt_from_t(SA, t, p, p_ref = 0)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

p_ref

reference pressure [ dbar ]

Value

potential temperature [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pt_from_t.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <- c( 28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
p_ref <- 0
pt <- gsw_pt_from_t(SA, t, p, p_ref)
stopifnot(all.equal(pt, c(28.783196819670632, 28.420983342398962, 22.784930399117108,
                          10.230523661095731, 6.829230224409661, 4.324510571845719)))

Potential Temperature of Ice from in-situ Temperature

Description

Potential Temperature of Ice from in-situ Temperature

Usage

gsw_pt_from_t_ice(t, p, p_ref = 0)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

p_ref

reference pressure [ dbar ]

Value

potential temperature [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pt_from_t_ice.html

Examples

t <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600, -10.8863, -8.4036)
p <- c(      10,       50,      125,      250,      600,    1000)
p_ref <- 0 # not actually needed, since 0 is the default
pt <- gsw_pt_from_t_ice(t, p, p_ref)
stopifnot(all.equal(pt, c(-10.787787898205272, -13.443730926050661, -12.837427056999676,
                          -12.314321615760921, -11.017040858094234, -8.622907355083147)))

Second Derivatives of Potential Temperature

Description

Second Derivatives of Potential Temperature

Usage

gsw_pt_second_derivatives(SA, CT)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

Value

A list containing pt_SA_SA [ K/(g/kg)^2 ], the second derivative of potential temperature with respect to Absolute Salinity at constant potential temperature, and pt_SA_pt [ 1/(g/kg) ], the derivative of potential temperature with respect to Conservative Temperature and Absolute Salinity, and pt_pt_pt [ 1/degC ], the second derivative of potential temperature with respect to Conservative Temperature.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_pt_second_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
r <- gsw_pt_second_derivatives(SA, CT)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$pt_SA_SA/1e-3,
    c(0.160307058371208, 0.160785497957769, 0.168647220588324,
      0.198377949876584, 0.210181899321236, 0.220018966513329)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$pt_SA_CT,
    c(0.001185581323691, 0.001187068518686, 0.001217629686266,
      0.001333254154015, 0.001379674342678, 0.001418371539325)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$pt_CT_CT/1e-3,
    c(-0.121979811279463, -0.123711264754503, -0.140136818504977,
      -0.140645384127949, -0.113781055410824, -0.082417269009484)))

In-situ density

Description

In-situ density, using the 75-term equation for specific volume.

Usage

gsw_rho(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

in-situ density [ kg/m^3 ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_rho.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
rho <- gsw_rho(SA,CT,p)
stopifnot(all.equal(rho/1e3, c(1.021839935738108, 1.022262457966867, 1.024427195413316,
                               1.027790152759127, 1.029837779000189, 1.032002453224572)))

In-situ density, thermal expansion coefficient and haline contraction coefficient (75-term equation)

Description

Calculate the in-situ density, the expansion coefficient (with respect to Conservative Temperature) and the haline contraction coefficient (with respect to Absolute Salinity), using the 75-term equation.

Usage

gsw_rho_alpha_beta(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

A list containing in-situ density rho [ kg/m^3 ], thermal expansion coefficient alpha [ 1/degC ], and haline contraction coefficient beta [ kg/g ].

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_rho_alpha_beta.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
r <- gsw_rho_alpha_beta(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$rho/1000, c(1.021839935738108, 1.022262457966867, 1.024427195413316,
                                  1.027790152759127, 1.029837779000189, 1.032002453224572)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$alpha*1000, c(0.324638934509245, 0.322655537959731, 0.281145723210171,
                                    0.173199716344780, 0.146289673594824, 0.129414845334599)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$beta*1000, c(0.717483987596135, 0.717647512290095, 0.726211643644768,
                                   0.750500751749777, 0.755052064788492, 0.757050813384370)))

Density First Derivatives wrt SA, CT and p (75-term equation)

Description

Density First Derivatives wrt SA, CT and p (75-term equation)

Usage

gsw_rho_first_derivatives(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

list containing drho_dSA [ kg^2/(g m^3) ], drho_dCT [ kg/(K m^3) ] and drho_dp [ kg/(Pa m^3) ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_rho_first_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
r <- gsw_rho_first_derivatives(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$drho_dSA, c(0.733153791778356, 0.733624109867480, 0.743950957375504,
                                  0.771357282286743, 0.777581141431288, 0.781278296628328)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$drho_dCT, c(-0.331729027977015, -0.329838643311336, -0.288013324730644,
                                  -0.178012962919839, -0.150654632545556, -0.133556437868984)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$drho_dp, 1e-6*c(0.420302360738476, 0.420251070273888, 0.426773054953941,
                                      0.447763615252861, 0.452011501791479, 0.454118117103094)))

Density First Derivatives wrt enthalpy (75-term equation)

Description

Density First Derivatives wrt enthalpy (75-term equation)

Usage

gsw_rho_first_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

A list containing rho_SA_wrt_h [ (kg/m^3)/(g/kg) ] and rho_h [ (kg/m^3)/(J/kg) ].

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_rho_first_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
r <- gsw_rho_first_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$rho_SA_wrt_h,
    c(0.733147960400929, 0.733595114830609, 0.743886977148835,
     0.771275693831993, 0.777414200397148, 0.781030546357425)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$rho_h*1e4,
    c(-0.831005413475887, -0.826243794873652, -0.721438289309903,
     -0.445892608094272, -0.377326924646647, -0.334475962698187)))

In-situ density of ice

Description

In-situ density of ice [kg/m^3]

Usage

gsw_rho_ice(t, p)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

in-situ density [ kg/m^3 ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_rho_ice.html

Examples

t <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600, -10.8863, -8.4036)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
rho <- gsw_rho_ice(t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(rho, c(918.2879969148962, 918.7043487325120, 918.6962796312690,
                           918.7513732275766, 918.9291139833307, 919.0032237449378)))

Second Derivatives of Density

Description

Second Derivatives of Density

Usage

gsw_rho_second_derivatives(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

A list containing rho_SA_SA [ (kg/m^3)/(g/kg)^2 ], the second derivative of density with respect to Absolute Salinity, rho_SA_CT [ (g/kg)/(g/kg)/degC ], the derivative of density with respect to Absolute Salinity and Conservative Temperature, and rho_CT_CT [ (kg/m^3)/degC^2 ], the second derivative of density with respect to Conservative Temperature.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_rho_second_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)

r <- gsw_rho_second_derivatives(SA, CT, p)

stopifnot(all.equal(r$rho_SA_SA/1e-3, c(0.207364734477357, 0.207415414547223,
            0.192903197286004, 0.135809142211237, 0.122627562106076,
            0.114042431905783)))

stopifnot(all.equal(r$rho_SA_CT, c(-0.001832856561477, -0.001837354806146,
            -0.001988065808078, -0.002560181494807, -0.002708939446458,
            -0.002798484050141)))

stopifnot(all.equal(r$rho_CT_CT, c(-0.007241243828334, -0.007267807914635,
           -0.007964270843331, -0.010008164822017, -0.010572200761984,
           -0.010939294762200)))

all.equal(r$rho_SA_p, 1e-9*c(-0.617330965378778, -0.618403843947729,
        -0.655302447133274, -0.764800777480716, -0.792168044875350,
        -0.810125648949170))

all.equal(r$rho_CT_p, 1e-8*c(-0.116597992537549, -0.117744271236102,
        -0.141712549466964, -0.214414626736539, -0.237704139801551,
        -0.255296606034074))

Second Derivatives of Density wrt Enthalpy

Description

Second Derivatives of Density wrt Enthalpy

Usage

gsw_rho_second_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

A list containing rho_SA_SA [ (kg/m^3)/(g/kg)^2 ], the second derivative of density with respect to Absolute Salinity, rho_SA_h [ (g/kg)/(g/kg)/(J/kg)], the derivative of density with respect to Absolute Salinity and enthalpy, and rho_h_h [ (kg/m^3)/(J/kg)^2 ], the second derivative of density with respect to enthalpy.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_rho_second_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
r <- gsw_rho_second_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy(SA, CT, p)

stopifnot(all.equal(r$rho_SA_SA/1e-3, c(0.207325714908677, 0.207131960039965,
            0.192001360206293, 0.133399974356615, 0.116504845152129,
            0.103433221305694)))

stopifnot(all.equal(r$rho_SA_h/1e-6, c(-0.459053080088382, -0.460370569872258,
            -0.498605615416296, -0.642833108550133, -0.682091962941161,
            -0.706793055445909)))

stopifnot(all.equal(r$rho_h_h/1e-9, c(-0.454213854637790, -0.455984900239309,
            -0.499870030989387, -0.628337767293403, -0.664021595759308,
            -0.687367088752173)))

In-situ Density of Seawater

Description

In-situ Density of Seawater

Usage

gsw_rho_t_exact(SA, t, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

in-situ density [ kg/m^3 ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_rho_t_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <-  c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
rho <- gsw_rho_t_exact(SA, t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(rho/1e3, c(1.021840173185531, 1.022262689926782, 1.024427715941676,
                               1.027790201811623, 1.029837714725961, 1.032002404116447)))

Sea ice Fraction to Cool Seawater to Freezing

Description

Sea ice Fraction to Cool Seawater to Freezing

Usage

gsw_seaice_fraction_to_freeze_seawater(SA, CT, p, SA_seaice, t_seaice)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

SA_seaice

Absolute Salinity of sea ice [ g/kg ]

t_seaice

initial temperature of sea ice [ degC ]

Value

a list containing SA_freeze, CT_freeze and w_Ih.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_seaice_fraction_to_freeze_seawater.html

Examples

SA <- c(      34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366,  34.7324)
CT <- c(      -1.7856, -1.4329, -1.8103, -1.2600, -0.6886,   0.4403)
p <- c(            10,      50,     125,     250,     600,     1000)
SA_seaice <- c(     5,     4.8,     3.5,     2.5,       1,      0.4)
t_seaice <- c(-5.7856, -4.4329, -3.8103, -4.2600, -3.8863,  -3.4036)
r <- gsw_seaice_fraction_to_freeze_seawater(SA, CT, p, SA_seaice, t_seaice)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$SA_freeze, c(34.671271207148074, 34.703449677481224, 34.950192062047861,
                                   34.525277379661880, 34.077349518029997, 33.501836583274191)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$CT_freeze, c(-1.895419711000293, -1.927935638317893, -1.999943183939312,
                                   -2.071677444370745, -2.318866154643864, -2.603185031462614)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$w_seaice, c(0.001364063868629, 0.006249283768465, 0.002391958850970,
                                  0.009952101583387, 0.019541106156815, 0.035842627277027)))

Potential density anomaly referenced to 0 dbar

Description

This uses the 75-term density equation, and returns potential density referenced to a pressure of 0 dbar, minus 1000 kg/m^3.

Usage

gsw_sigma0(SA, CT)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

Value

potential density anomaly [ kg/m^3 ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_sigma0.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
sigma0 <- gsw_sigma0(SA,CT)
stopifnot(all.equal(sigma0, c(21.797900819337656, 22.052215404397316, 23.892985307893923,
                              26.667608665972011, 27.107380455119710, 27.409748977090885)))

Potential density anomaly referenced to 1000 dbar

Description

This uses the 75-term density equation, and returns potential density referenced to a pressure of 1000 dbar, minus 1000 kg/m^3.

Usage

gsw_sigma1(SA, CT)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

Value

potential density anomaly [ kg/m^3 ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_sigma1.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
sigma1 <- gsw_sigma1(SA,CT)
stopifnot(all.equal(sigma1, c(25.955618850310202, 26.213131422420247, 28.125423775188438,
                              31.120360038882382, 31.637724222733368, 32.002453224572037)))

Potential density anomaly referenced to 2000 dbar

Description

This uses the 75-term density equation, and returns potential density referenced to a pressure of 2000 dbar, minus 1000 kg/m^3.

Usage

gsw_sigma2(SA, CT)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

Value

potential density anomaly [ kg/m^3 ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_sigma2.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
sigma2 <- gsw_sigma2(SA,CT)
stopifnot(all.equal(sigma2, c(30.023152223799116, 30.283783336283477, 32.265556840289719,
                              35.474550881051073, 36.067289438047737, 36.492606494879510)))

Potential density anomaly referenced to 3000 dbar

Description

This uses the 75-term density equation, and returns potential density referenced to a pressure of 3000 dbar, minus 1000 kg/m^3.

Usage

gsw_sigma3(SA, CT)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

Value

potential density anomaly with reference pressure 3000 dbar [ kg/m^3 ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_sigma3.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
sigma3 <- gsw_sigma3(SA,CT)
stopifnot(all.equal(sigma3, c(34.003747849903675, 34.267409891564057, 36.316415829697917,
                              39.732367693977039, 40.397934186745033, 40.881795690566832)))

Potential density anomaly referenced to 4000 dbar

Description

This uses the 75-term density equation, and returns potential density referenced to a pressure of 4000 dbar, minus 1000 kg/m^3.

Usage

gsw_sigma4(SA, CT)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

Value

potential density anomaly with reference pressure 4000 dbar [ kg/m^3 ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_sigma4.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
sigma4 <- gsw_sigma4(SA,CT)
stopifnot(all.equal(sigma4, c(37.900374609834898, 38.166979617032439, 40.280876075282549,
                              43.896091033421953, 44.631677245327637, 45.171817312020039)))

Sound speed

Description

Speed of sound in seawater, using the 75-term equation for specific volume.

Usage

gsw_sound_speed(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

sound speed [ m/s ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_sound_speed.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
speed <- gsw_sound_speed(SA,CT,p)
stopifnot(all.equal(speed/1e3, c(1.542426412426373, 1.542558891663385, 1.530801535436184,
                                 1.494551099295314, 1.487622786765276, 1.484271672296205)))

Sound speed in ice

Description

Speed of sound in ice.

Usage

gsw_sound_speed_ice(t, p)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

sound speed [ m/s ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_sound_speed_ice.html

Examples

t <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600, -10.8863, -8.4036)
p <- c(      10,       50,      125,      250,      600,    1000)
speed <- gsw_sound_speed_ice(t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(speed/1e3, c(3.111311360346254, 3.116492565497544, 3.115833462003452,
                                 3.115637032488204, 3.115377253092692, 3.113321384499191)))

Sound Speed in Seawater

Description

Sound Speed in Seawater

Usage

gsw_sound_speed_t_exact(SA, t, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

sound speed [ m/s ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_sound_speed_t_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
sound_speed <- gsw_sound_speed_t_exact(SA,CT,p)
stopifnot(all.equal(sound_speed/1e3, c(1.542615803587414, 1.542703534065789, 1.530844979136360,
                                       1.494409996920661, 1.487377102518027, 1.483934609078705)))

Specific Volume of Seawater

Description

Specific Volume of Seawater

Usage

gsw_specvol(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Specific volume (1/density)

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_specvol.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
specvol <- gsw_specvol(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(specvol*1e3,
    c(0.978626852431313, 0.978222365701325, 0.976155264597929,
      0.972961258011157, 0.971026719344908, 0.968989944622149)))

Specific Volume, alpha, and beta

Description

Specific Volume, alpha, and beta

Usage

gsw_specvol_alpha_beta(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

a list holding specvol, the specific volume [ m^3/kg ], alpha, the thermal expansion coefficient [ 1/degC ], and beta, the haline contraction coefficient [ kg/g ].

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_specvol_alpha_beta.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
r <- gsw_specvol_alpha_beta(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$specvol/1e-3, c(0.978626852431313, 0.978222365701325, 0.976155264597929,
                                      0.972961258011157, 0.971026719344908, 0.968989944622149)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$alpha/1e-3, c(0.324638934509245, 0.322655537959731, 0.281145723210171,
                                    0.173199716344780, 0.146289673594824, 0.129414845334599)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$beta/1e-3, c(0.717483987596135, 0.717647512290095, 0.726211643644768,
                                   0.750500751749777, 0.755052064788492, 0.757050813384370)))

Specific volume anomaly [standard] (75-term equation)

Description

Note that the TEOS function named specific_volume_anomaly is not provided in the C library, so it is not provided in R, either.

Usage

gsw_specvol_anom_standard(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Specific volume anomaly [ m^3/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_specvol_anom_standard.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
a <- gsw_specvol_anom_standard(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(a*1e5, c(0.601051894897400, 0.578609769250563, 0.405600538950092,
                             0.142190453761838, 0.104335535578967, 0.076383389577725)))

First Derivatives of Specific Volume

Description

First Derivatives of Specific Volume

Usage

gsw_specvol_first_derivatives(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

A list containing v_SA [ (m^3/kg)/(g/kg) ], the derivative of specific volume with respect to Absolute Salinity, v_CT [ (m^3/kg)/degC], the derivative of specific volume with respect to Conservative Temperature, and v_p [ (m^3/kg)/dbar ], the derivative of specific volume with respect to pressure. (Note that the last quantity is denoted v_P in the documentation for the Matlab function.)

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_specvol_first_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
r <- gsw_specvol_first_derivatives(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$v_SA/1e-6,
    c(-0.702149096451073, -0.702018847212088, -0.708895319156155,
      -0.730208155560782, -0.733175729406169, -0.733574625737474)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$v_CT/1e-6,
    c(0.317700378655437, 0.315628863649601, 0.274441877830800,
      0.168516613901993, 0.142051181824820, 0.125401683814057)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$v_p/1e-12,
    c(-0.402527990904794, -0.402146232553089, -0.406663124765787,
     -0.423877042622481, -0.426198431093548, -0.426390351853055)))

First Derivatives of Specific Volume wrt Enthalpy

Description

First Derivatives of Specific Volume wrt Enthalpy

Usage

gsw_specvol_first_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

A list containing v_SA_wrt_h [ (m^3/kg)/(g/kg) ] and v_h.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_specvol_first_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
r <- gsw_specvol_first_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(r$v_SA_wrt_h/1e-6,
    c(-0.702143511679586, -0.701991101310494, -0.708834353735310,
      -0.730130919555592, -0.733018321892082, -0.733342002723321)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$v_h/1e-10,
    c(0.795862623587769, 0.790648383268264, 0.687443468257647,
      0.422105846942233, 0.355778874334799, 0.314053366403993)))

Specific Volume of Ice

Description

Specific Volume of Ice

Usage

gsw_specvol_ice(t, p)

Arguments

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Specific volume [ m^3/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_specvol_ice.html

Examples

t <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600,  -10.8863,  -8.4036)
p <- c(      10,       50,      125,      250,       600,     1000)
v <- gsw_specvol_ice(t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(v, c(0.001088982980677, 0.001088489459509, 0.001088499019939,
                         0.001088433747301, 0.001088223220685, 0.001088135464776)))

Second Derivatives of Specific Volume

Description

Second Derivatives of Specific Volume

Usage

gsw_specvol_second_derivatives(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

A list containing specvol_SA_SA [ (m^3/kg)/(g/kg)^2 ], the second derivative of specific volume with respect to Absolute Salinity, specvol_SA_CT [ (m^3/kg)/(g/kg)/degC ], the derivative of specific volume with respect to Absolute Salinity and Conservative Temperature, specvol_CT_CT [ (m^3/kg)/degC^2 ], the second derivative of specific volume with respect to Conservative Temperature, specvol_SA_p [ (m^3/kg)/(g/kg)/Pa ], the derivative of specific volume with respect to Absolute Salinity and pressure, and specvol_CT_p [ (m^3/kg)/K/dbar ], the derivative of specific volume with respect to Conservative Temperature and pressure.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_specvol_second_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)

r <- gsw_specvol_second_derivatives(SA, CT, p)

stopifnot(all.equal(r$specvol_SA_SA/1e-8, c(0.080906777599140,
            0.080915086639384, 0.084568844270812, 0.096725108896007,
            0.099111765836648, 0.100302277946072)))

stopifnot(all.equal(r$specvol_SA_CT/1e-8, c(0.129965332117084,
            0.130523053162130, 0.149555815430615, 0.217023290441810,
            0.233892039070486, 0.243659989480325)))

stopifnot(all.equal(r$specvol_CT_CT/1e-7, c(0.071409582006642,
            0.071582962051991, 0.077436153664104, 0.095329736274850,
            0.100105336953738, 0.103044572835472)))

stopifnot(all.equal(r$specvol_SA_p/1e-14, c(0.116889015000936,
            0.116897424150385, 0.121500614193893, 0.136008673596132,
            0.139023051292893, 0.140581903529772)))

stopifnot(all.equal(r$specvol_CT_p/1e-14, c(0.085542828707964,
            0.086723632576213, 0.112156562396990, 0.188269893599500,
            0.211615556759369, 0.228609575049911)))

Second Derivatives of Specific Volume wrt Enthalpy

Description

Second Derivatives of Specific Volume wrt Enthalpy

Usage

gsw_specvol_second_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

A list containing specvol_SA_SA [ (m^3/kg)/(g/kg)^2 ], the second derivative of specific volume with respect to Absolute Salinity, specvol_SA_h [ (m^3/kg)/(g/kg)/(J/kg) ], the derivative of specific volume with respect to Absolute Salinity and enthalpy, and specvol_h_h [ (m^3/kg)/(J/kg)^2 ], the second derivative of specific volume with respect to enthalpy.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_specvol_second_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)

r <- gsw_specvol_second_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy(SA, CT, p)

stopifnot(all.equal(r$specvol_SA_SA/1e-8, c(0.080898741086877,
            0.080931595349498, 0.084648485333225, 0.096952812049233,
            0.099684475381589, 0.101288447077547)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$specvol_SA_h/1e-12, c(0.325437133570796,
            0.327060462851431, 0.375273569184178, 0.545188833073084,
            0.589424881889351, 0.616101548209175)))
stopifnot(all.equal(r$specvol_h_h/1e-15, c(0.447949998681476, 0.449121446914278,
            0.485998151346315, 0.598480711660961, 0.628708349875318,
            0.647433212216398)))

Specific Volume of Seawater

Description

Specific Volume of Seawater

Usage

gsw_specvol_t_exact(SA, t, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

Specific volume [ m^3/kg ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_specvol_t_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <- c( 28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
v <- gsw_specvol_t_exact(SA, t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(v*1e3, c(0.978626625025472, 0.978222143734527, 0.976154768597586,
                             0.972961211575438, 0.971026779948624, 0.968989990731808)))

Seawater Spiciness at p=0 dbar

Description

Calculate seawater spiciness referenced to 0 dbar (i.e. the surface).

Usage

gsw_spiciness0(SA, CT)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

Value

spiciness [ kg/m^3 ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_spiciness0.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
spiciness <- gsw_spiciness0(SA, CT)
stopifnot(all.equal(spiciness, c(5.728998558542941, 5.749940496782486, 4.163547112671111,
                                 1.069362556641764, 0.426428274444305, 0.089725188494086)))

Seawater Spiciness at p=1000 dbar

Description

Calculate seawater spiciness referenced to 1000 dbar.

Usage

gsw_spiciness1(SA, CT)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

Value

spiciness [ kg/m^3 ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_spiciness1.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
spiciness <- gsw_spiciness1(SA, CT)
stopifnot(all.equal(spiciness, c(6.311038322123224, 6.326411175472160, 4.667218659743284,
                                 1.351722468726905, 0.628494082166029, 0.224779784908478)))

Seawater Spiciness at p=2000 dbar

Description

Calculate seawater spiciness referenced to 2000 dbar.

Usage

gsw_spiciness2(SA, CT)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

Value

spiciness [ kg/m^3 ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_spiciness2.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
spiciness <- gsw_spiciness2(SA, CT)
stopifnot(all.equal(spiciness, c(6.874671751873180, 6.884616399155135, 5.154458892387083,
                                 1.624327800598636, 0.823490797424952, 0.355069307641827)))

Derivative of Chemical Potential of Water in Seawater wrt Temperature

Description

Derivative of Chemical Potential of Water in Seawater wrt Temperature

Usage

gsw_t_deriv_chem_potential_water_t_exact(SA, t, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

t

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

derivative [ J/(g*degC) ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_t_deriv_chem_potential_water_t_exact.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
t <- c( 28.7856, 28.4329, 22.8103, 10.2600,  6.8863,  4.4036)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
d <- gsw_t_deriv_chem_potential_water_t_exact(SA, t, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(d, c(-0.428798278908442, -0.423860344327343, -0.345277821010421,
                         -0.164446485487145, -0.114228046736087, -0.076990819658255)))

Freezing Temperature of Seawater

Description

This uses the C function named gsw_t_freezing_exact, because the C function named gsw_t_freezing does not produce check values that match the Matlab function called gsw_t_freezing (see references for those test values).

Usage

gsw_t_freezing(SA, p, saturation_fraction = 1)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

saturation_fraction

fraction of air in water [unitless]

Value

in-situ freezing temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_t_freezing.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p <- c(      10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
saturation_fraction <- 1
tf <- gsw_t_freezing(SA, p, saturation_fraction)
stopifnot(all.equal(tf, c(-1.902730710149803, -1.942908619287183, -2.006861069199743,
                          -2.090985086875259, -2.351293130342102, -2.660498762776720)))

Derivatives of Freezing Water Properties

Description

Derivatives of Freezing Water Properties

Usage

gsw_t_freezing_first_derivatives(SA, p, saturation_fraction = 1)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

saturation_fraction

fraction of air in water [unitless]

Value

a list containing tfreezing_SA [ K/(g/kg) ], the derivative of freezing temperature with Absolute Salinity and tfreezing_p [ K/dbar ], the derivative with respect to pressure.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_t_freezing_first_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(               34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p <- c(                     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
saturation_fraction <- c(    1,     0.8,     0.6,     0.5,     0.4,       0)
derivs <- gsw_t_freezing_first_derivatives(SA, p, saturation_fraction)
stopifnot(all.equal(derivs$tfreezing_SA,
    c(-0.056811800705787, -0.056856999671114, -0.056903079789292,
      -0.056904020028541, -0.056974588411844, -0.057082363270642)))
stopifnot(all.equal(derivs$tfreezing_p/1e-7,
    c(-0.748468312442338, -0.749793159537290, -0.752225023995510,
     -0.756170965034610, -0.767279572670040, -0.779936552091913)))

Derivatives of Freezing Water Properties (Polynomial version)

Description

Derivatives of Freezing Water Properties (Polynomial version)

Usage

gsw_t_freezing_first_derivatives_poly(SA, p, saturation_fraction = 1)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

saturation_fraction

fraction of air in water [unitless]

Value

a list containing tfreezing_SA [ K/(g/kg) ], the derivative of freezing temperature with Absolute Salinity and tfreezing_p [ K/dbar ], the derivative with respect to pressure.

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_t_freezing_first_derivatives.html

Examples

SA <- c(               34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
p <- c(                     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
saturation_fraction <- c(    1,     0.8,     0.6,     0.5,     0.4,       0)
derivs <- gsw_t_freezing_first_derivatives_poly(SA, p, saturation_fraction)
stopifnot(all.equal(derivs$tfreezing_SA,
    c(-0.056810211094078, -0.056855567524973, -0.056901968693345,
      -0.056903498206432, -0.056975157476629, -0.057083526206200)))
stopifnot(all.equal(derivs$tfreezing_p/1e-7,
    c(-0.748987354878138, -0.750288853857513, -0.752676389629787,
      -0.756549680608529, -0.767482625710990, -0.779985619685683)))

In situ temperature from Conservative Temperature

Description

In situ temperature from Conservative Temperature

Usage

gsw_t_from_CT(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_t_from_CT.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
t <- gsw_t_from_CT(SA, CT, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(t, c(28.785580227725703, 28.432872246163946, 22.810323087627076,
                         10.260010752788906, 6.886286301029376, 4.403624452383043)))

In situ Temperature from Potential Temperature at 0dbar

Description

In situ Temperature from Potential Temperature at 0dbar

Usage

gsw_t_from_pt0_ice(pt0_ice, p)

Arguments

pt0_ice

potential temperature of ice (ITS-90) [ degC ]

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

in-situ temperature (ITS-90) [ degC ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_t_from_pt0_ice.html

Examples

pt0_ice  <- c(-10.7856, -13.4329, -12.8103, -12.2600, -10.8863, -8.4036)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)
t <- gsw_t_from_pt0_ice(pt0_ice, p)
stopifnot(all.equal(t, c(-10.783412084414074, -13.422068638139141, -12.783170223330448,
                         -12.205667526492039, -10.755496924674144, -8.184121042593350)))

Thermobaric coefficient (75-term equation)

Description

Thermobaric coefficient (75-term equation)

Usage

gsw_thermobaric(SA, CT, p)

Arguments

SA

Absolute Salinity [ g/kg ]. The valid range for most 'gsw' functions is 0 to 42 g/kg.

CT

Conservative Temperature [ degC ].

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

Value

thermobaric coefficient wrt Conservative Temperature [ 1/(K Pa) ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_thermobaric.html

Examples

SA <- c(34.7118, 34.8915, 35.0256, 34.8472, 34.7366, 34.7324)
CT <- c(28.8099, 28.4392, 22.7862, 10.2262,  6.8272,  4.3236)
p <-  c(     10,      50,     125,     250,     600,    1000)

tb <- gsw_thermobaric(SA, CT, p)

stopifnot(all.equal(tb*1e11,
        c(0.141342632944971, 0.142352284525832, 0.163216280125501,
            0.226030772122855, 0.246185239871747, 0.261474794884197)))

Height from Pressure

Description

Computation of height (above sea level) from pressure, using the 75-term equation for specific volume.

Usage

gsw_z_from_p(p, latitude, geo_strf_dyn_height, sea_surface_geopotential)

Arguments

p

sea pressure [dbar], i.e. absolute pressure [dbar] minus 10.1325 dbar

latitude

latitude in decimal degrees, positive to the north of the equator. (This is called lat in the TEOS-10 Matlab code.)

geo_strf_dyn_height

vector of same length as p and latitude, indicating dynamic height [ m^2/s^2 ]. If not supplied, this defaults to a vector of 0 values, with length matching that of p.

sea_surface_geopotential

vector of same length as p and latitude, indicating geopotential at zero sea pressure [ m^2/s^2 ]. If not supplied, this defaults to a vector of 0 values, with length matching that of p.

Value

height [ m ]

Implementation Note

This R function uses a wrapper to a C function contained within the GSW-C system as updated 2022-10-11 at https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-C with git commit '657216dd4f5ea079b5f0e021a4163e2d26893371'.

Please consult http://www.teos-10.org to learn more about the various TEOS-10 software systems.

Historical Note

The geo_strf_dyn_height and sea_surface_geopotential parameters were added in GSW-R version 1.0-6.

References

http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/gsw/html/gsw_z_from_p.html

Examples

z <- gsw_z_from_p(c(10, 50, 125, 250, 600,1000), 4)
stopifnot(all.equal(z/1e2, c(-0.099445834469453, -0.497180897012550, -1.242726219409978,
                             -2.484700576548589, -5.958253480356214, -9.920919060719987)))

Global SA lookup file

Description

This dataset is not intended for users, but rather for internal use within the gsw package. The dataset stores the 1.4M lookup table defined in the 8.3M file src/gsw_saar_data.c in the C library. (The .c file exceeds CRAN limitations on size.)

Details

The data are designed to replace C elements defined as below in src/gsw_saar_data.c:

    static int	gsw_nx=91, gsw_ny=45, gsw_nz=45;
    static double	longs_ref[91];
    static double	lats_ref[45];
    static double	p_ref[45];
    static double	ndepth_ref[4095];
    static double	saar_ref[184275];
    static double	delta_sa_ref[184275];

R storage is in a list named saar, with elements named as in the C code, i.e. gsw_nx etc.

C storage for these variables is allocated as needed, and the data are inserted, when gsw is launched. Thus, the existing C library code "knows" about the data as local storage, which keeps alterations to the C library to a minimum.

The saar dataset was created by the following R code. The netcdf file used in this code comes from the GSW-Fortran repository (at commit baa0c09ffc7ed1f74972a1a2902d8754caa5b4cb) and its md5 value is dacb3f981e8e710ac2e83477701b3905.

  library(ncdf4)
  nc <- nc_open("~/git/GSW-Fortran/test/gsw_data_v3_0.nc")
  ## Use as.vector() since these will all get handed into C, which does not understand matrices.
  p_ref <- as.vector(ncvar_get(nc, "p_ref"))
  lats_ref <- as.vector(ncvar_get(nc, "lats_ref"))
  longs_ref <- as.vector(ncvar_get(nc, "longs_ref"))
  ndepth_ref <- as.vector(ncvar_get(nc, "ndepth_ref"))
  ndepth_ref[!is.finite(ndepth_ref)] <- -9e99
  saar_ref <- as.vector(ncvar_get(nc, "SAAR_ref"))
  saar_ref[!is.finite(saar_ref)] <- -9e99
  delta_sa_ref <- as.vector(ncvar_get(nc, "deltaSA_ref"))
  delta_sa_ref[!is.finite(delta_sa_ref)] <- -9e99
  saar <- list(gsw_nx=gsw_nx, gsw_ny=gsw_ny, gsw_nz=gsw_nz,
               longs_ref=longs_ref, lats_ref=lats_ref, p_ref=p_ref, ndepth_ref=ndepth_ref,
               saar_ref=saar_ref, delta_sa_ref=delta_sa_ref)
  save(saar, file="saar.rda")
  tools::resaveRdaFiles("saar.rda")
  nc_close(nc)

R implementation of Thermodynamic Equation Of Seawater - 2010 (TEOS-10)

Description

Details

Author(s)

See Also

Reshape list elements to match that of the first element

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

First Derivatives of Conservative Temperature

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Implementation Note

References

Examples

Derivatives of Conservative Temperature with Respect to or at Constant in-situ Temperature

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Implementation Note

References

Examples

Conservative Temperature of Freezing Seawater

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Implementation Note

References

Examples

First Derivatives of Conservative Temperature for Freezing Water

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Implementation Note

References

Examples

First Derivatives of Conservative Temperature for Freezing Water (Polynomial version)

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Implementation Note

References

Examples

Conservative Temperature Freezing Point (Polynomial version)

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Implementation Note

References

Examples

Conservative Temperature from Enthalpy

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Implementation Note

References

See Also

Examples

Conservative Temperature from Entropy

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Implementation Note

References

See Also

Examples

Conservative Temperature from Potential Temperature

Description

Usage

Arguments