Benchmark area intensity against regional data

Description

Benchmark area intensity against regional data

Usage

benchmark_area_intensity(
  cf_area_intensity,
  region = NULL,
  benchmark_data = NULL
)

Arguments

Details

Default regional benchmarks are illustrative placeholders for examples and testing. For reporting, replace them with jurisdiction-specific or literature-based values.

Value

Original object with added benchmarking information

Examples

# Minimal, fast example
res <- calc_intensity_area(total_emissions = 50000, area_total_ha = 100)
benchmark_area_intensity(res, region = "global")


# Richer example
res <- calc_intensity_area(total_emissions = 90000, area_total_ha = 150, area_productive_ha = 140)
out <- benchmark_area_intensity(res, region = "uruguay")
# str(out$benchmarking)

Batch carbon footprint calculation

Description

Processes a data.frame of farms and computes emissions per farm, returning a summary plus per-farm details (optionally).

Usage

calc_batch(
  data,
  tier = 2,
  boundaries = set_system_boundaries("farm_gate"),
  benchmark_region = NULL,
  save_detailed_objects = FALSE
)

Arguments

Value

A list with $summary and $farm_results; class cf_batch_complete.

Examples

# Minimal, fast example (Tier 1, default boundaries)
farms_min <- data.frame(FarmID = "A", Milk_litres = 1e5, Cows_milking = 50)
calc_batch(data = farms_min, tier = 1)


# Richer example with boundaries, benchmarking and details
farms <- data.frame(
  FarmID = c("A","B"),
  Milk_litres = c(5e5, 7e5),
  Cows_milking = c(100, 140)
)
res <- calc_batch(
  data = farms,
  tier = 2,
  boundaries = set_system_boundaries("farm_gate"),
  benchmark_region = "uruguay",
  save_detailed_objects = FALSE
)
str(res$summary)

Calculate energy-related emissions

Description

Estimates CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use and electricity consumption on dairy farms following IDF/IPCC methodology.

Usage

calc_emissions_energy(
  diesel_l = 0,
  petrol_l = 0,
  lpg_kg = 0,
  natural_gas_m3 = 0,
  electricity_kwh = 0,
  country = "UY",
  ef_diesel = 2.67,
  ef_petrol = 2.31,
  ef_lpg = 3,
  ef_natural_gas = 2,
  ef_electricity = NULL,
  include_upstream = FALSE,
  energy_breakdown = NULL,
  boundaries = NULL
)

Arguments

Details

Electricity grid factors provided in this function are indicative defaults for demonstration/testing. For policy or reporting purposes, supply jurisdiction-verified factors via ef_electricity or extend grid_factors.

Value

A list with detailed emissions by fuel type, total (co2eq_kg), metadata, and (if provided) breakdown by use. Compatible with calc_total_emissions().

References

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2019). 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/

International Dairy Federation (2022). "The IDF Global Carbon Footprint Standard for the Dairy Sector." Bulletin of the IDF No. 520. https://fil-idf.org/

Examples

# Minimal, fast example (<1s)
res <- calc_emissions_energy(
  diesel_l = 10,
  electricity_kwh = 100,
  country = "UY"
)
print(res$co2eq_kg)


# With breakdown by use (as data.frame) and upstream emissions
uses_df <- data.frame(
  row.names = c("milking_parlor", "irrigation"),
  diesel_l = c(50, 0),
  petrol_l = c(0, 5),
  lpg_kg = c(0, 0),
  natural_gas_m3 = c(0, 0),
  electricity_kwh = c(1200, 800)
)
res2 <- calc_emissions_energy(
  energy_breakdown = uses_df,
  country = "AR",
  include_upstream = TRUE
)
res2$breakdown_by_use

# Boundaries exclusion example
b <- list(include = c("enteric", "manure", "soil", "inputs"))  # energy excluded
calc_emissions_energy(electricity_kwh = 1000, boundaries = b)$co2eq_kg  # 0 (excluded)

Calculate enteric methane emissions

Description

Estimates enteric methane (CH4) emissions from cattle using IPCC Tier 1 or Tier 2 approaches with practical defaults for dairy systems.

Usage

calc_emissions_enteric(
  n_animals,
  cattle_category = "dairy_cows",
  production_system = "mixed",
  avg_milk_yield = 6000,
  avg_body_weight = NULL,
  dry_matter_intake = NULL,
  feed_inputs = NULL,
  ym_percent = 6.5,
  emission_factor_ch4 = NULL,
  tier = 1L,
  gwp_ch4 = 27.2,
  boundaries = NULL
)

Arguments

Value

List with CH4 (kg), CO2eq (kg), inputs, factors, and metadata. Includes co2eq_kg for compatibility with calc_total_emissions().

References

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2019). 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/

International Dairy Federation (2022). "The IDF Global Carbon Footprint Standard for the Dairy Sector." Bulletin of the IDF No. 520. https://fil-idf.org/

Examples

# Minimal example: Tier 1, mixed dairy cows
calc_emissions_enteric(n_animals = 100)


# Tier 2 with explicit dry matter intake (DMI)
calc_emissions_enteric(
  n_animals = 120, tier = 2, avg_milk_yield = 7500, dry_matter_intake = 18
)

# Example with system boundaries: enteric excluded
b <- list(include = c("manure", "energy"))
calc_emissions_enteric(100, boundaries = b)$co2eq_kg  # NULL -> excluded

Calculate indirect emissions from purchased inputs

Description

Estimates CO2e emissions from purchased inputs such as feeds, fertilizers, and plastics using regional factors, with optional uncertainty analysis.

Usage

calc_emissions_inputs(
  conc_kg = 0,
  fert_n_kg = 0,
  plastic_kg = 0,
  feed_grain_dry_kg = 0,
  feed_grain_wet_kg = 0,
  feed_ration_kg = 0,
  feed_byproducts_kg = 0,
  feed_proteins_kg = 0,
  feed_corn_kg = 0,
  feed_soy_kg = 0,
  feed_wheat_kg = 0,
  region = "global",
  fert_type = "mixed",
  plastic_type = "mixed",
  include_uncertainty = FALSE,
  transport_km = NULL,
  ef_conc = NULL,
  ef_fert = NULL,
  ef_plastic = NULL,
  boundaries = NULL
)

Arguments

Details

Notes:

• When system boundaries exclude "inputs", this function MUST return a list with source = "inputs" and a numeric co2eq_kg = 0 to satisfy partial-boundaries integration.

• The primary total field is co2eq_kg (for compatibility with calc_total_emissions()); total_co2eq_kg is included as a duplicate for convenience.

Value

A list with fields:

• source = "inputs"

• emissions_breakdown (named values per input)

• co2eq_kg (numeric total)

• total_co2eq_kg (duplicate of co2eq_kg)

• emission_factors_used, inputs_summary, contribution_analysis, uncertainty (if requested)

• metadata (methodology, standards, date)

Examples

# Quick example (runs fast)
calc_emissions_inputs(conc_kg = 1000, fert_n_kg = 200, region = "EU")


# With uncertainty analysis (Monte Carlo)
calc_emissions_inputs(feed_corn_kg = 2000, region = "US", include_uncertainty = TRUE)

# Boundaries exclusion example: "inputs" not included -> co2eq_kg = 0
b <- list(include = c("enteric", "manure", "soil", "energy"))  # inputs excluded
calc_emissions_inputs(conc_kg = 500, fert_n_kg = 100, boundaries = b)$co2eq_kg  # 0

Calculate manure management emissions (Tier 1 & Tier 2)

Description

Estimates CH4 and N2O emissions from manure management using IPCC Tier 1 or Tier 2 methodology with practical settings for dairy systems.

Usage

calc_emissions_manure(
  n_cows,
  manure_system = "pasture",
  tier = 1L,
  ef_ch4 = NULL,
  n_excreted = 100,
  ef_n2o_direct = 0.02,
  include_indirect = FALSE,
  climate = "temperate",
  avg_body_weight = 600,
  diet_digestibility = 0.65,
  protein_intake_kg = NULL,
  retention_days = NULL,
  system_temperature = NULL,
  gwp_ch4 = 27.2,
  gwp_n2o = 273,
  boundaries = NULL
)

Arguments

Details

Tier 2 uses a simplified VS–B0–MCF calculation with coarse temperature and retention-time adjustments intended for examples and screening. For policy or inventory reporting, replace defaults with jurisdiction-specific factors and methods (e.g., country inventory guidelines).

Value

A list with CH4 (kg), N2O (kg), CO2eq (kg), metadata, and per-cow metrics. The returned object includes a co2eq_kg field compatible with calc_total_emissions().

References

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2019). 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/

International Dairy Federation (2022). "The IDF Global Carbon Footprint Standard for the Dairy Sector." Bulletin of the IDF No. 520. https://fil-idf.org/

Examples

# Minimal, fast example (Tier 1, runs <1s)
calc_emissions_manure(n_cows = 100, manure_system = "solid_storage")


# Tier 1 with indirect N2O
calc_emissions_manure(
  n_cows = 120, manure_system = "solid_storage", include_indirect = TRUE
)

# Tier 2 (VS_B0_MCF approach) with refinements
calc_emissions_manure(
  n_cows = 100, manure_system = "liquid_storage", tier = 2,
  avg_body_weight = 580, diet_digestibility = 0.68, climate = "temperate",
  protein_intake_kg = 3.2, include_indirect = TRUE
)

# Boundaries exclusion example: "manure" not included -> co2eq_kg = 0
b <- list(include = c("enteric","soil","energy","inputs"))  # manure excluded
calc_emissions_manure(n_cows = 80, boundaries = b)$co2eq_kg  # 0

Calculate soil N2O emissions

Description

Estimates direct and indirect N2O emissions from soils due to fertilisation, excreta deposition and crop residues, following a Tier 1-style IPCC approach.

Usage

calc_emissions_soil(
  n_fertilizer_synthetic = 0,
  n_fertilizer_organic = 0,
  n_excreta_pasture = 0,
  n_crop_residues = 0,
  area_ha = NULL,
  soil_type = "well_drained",
  climate = "temperate",
  ef_direct = NULL,
  include_indirect = TRUE,
  gwp_n2o = 273,
  boundaries = NULL
)

Arguments

Details

IMPORTANT: When system boundaries exclude soil, this function must return a list with source = "soil" and co2eq_kg = 0 (numeric zero) to match partial-boundaries integration tests.

Direct and indirect factors used here are Tier 1-style defaults for examples and screening. For inventories or policy reporting, replace them with jurisdiction-specific values and methods.

Value

A list with at least source="soil" and co2eq_kg (numeric), plus detailed breakdown metadata when included by boundaries.

References

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2019). 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/

International Dairy Federation (2022). "The IDF Global Carbon Footprint Standard for the Dairy Sector." Bulletin of the IDF No. 520. https://fil-idf.org/

Examples

# Minimal, fast example (runs <1s): direct + indirect by default
calc_emissions_soil(
  n_fertilizer_synthetic = 500,
  n_fertilizer_organic   = 100
)


# Direct + indirect (default), temperate, well-drained
calc_emissions_soil(
  n_fertilizer_synthetic = 2500,
  n_fertilizer_organic   = 500,
  n_excreta_pasture      = 1200,
  n_crop_residues        = 300,
  area_ha                = 150
)

# Direct-only
calc_emissions_soil(n_fertilizer_synthetic = 2000, include_indirect = FALSE)

# Boundaries exclusion example: "soil" not included -> co2eq_kg = 0
b <- list(include = c("energy", "manure"))  # soil excluded
calc_emissions_soil(n_fertilizer_synthetic = 1000, boundaries = b)$co2eq_kg  # 0

Calculate carbon footprint intensity per hectare

Description

Computes emissions intensity per unit of land area for dairy farm analysis.

Usage

calc_intensity_area(
  total_emissions,
  area_total_ha,
  area_productive_ha = NULL,
  area_breakdown = NULL,
  validate_area_sum = TRUE
)

Arguments

Details

The area_breakdown parameter allows detailed tracking by land use:

area_breakdown = list(
  pasture_permanent = 80,
  pasture_temporary = 20,
  crops_feed = 15,
  crops_cash = 5,
  infrastructure = 2,
  woodland = 8
)

Value

A list of class "cf_area_intensity" with intensity metrics and area analysis.

Examples

# Basic calculation
calc_intensity_area(total_emissions = 85000, area_total_ha = 120)

# With productive area distinction
calc_intensity_area(
  total_emissions   = 95000,
  area_total_ha     = 150,
  area_productive_ha = 135
)

# With area breakdown
area_detail <- list(
  pasture_permanent  = 80,
  pasture_temporary  = 25,
  crops_feed         = 20,
  infrastructure     = 3,
  woodland           = 7
)
calc_intensity_area(
  total_emissions = 88000,
  area_total_ha   = 135,
  area_breakdown  = area_detail
)

# Using outputs from other functions in the package (potentially slower)

b  <- set_system_boundaries("farm_gate")
e1 <- calc_emissions_enteric(100, boundaries = b)
e2 <- calc_emissions_manure(100,  boundaries = b)
tot <- calc_total_emissions(e1, e2)
calc_intensity_area(tot, area_total_ha = 120)

Calculate carbon footprint intensity per kg of milk

Description

Computes emissions intensity as kg CO2eq per kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM).

Usage

calc_intensity_litre(
  total_emissions,
  milk_litres,
  fat = 4,
  protein = 3.3,
  milk_density = 1.03
)

Arguments

Details

The correction to FPCM (fat- and protein-corrected milk) follows the IDF formula:

FPCM = milk_kg * (0.1226 * fat_pct + 0.0776 * protein_pct + 0.2534)

Where milk_kg = milk_litres * milk_density

Value

A list of class "cf_intensity" with intensity (kg CO2eq/kg FPCM), FPCM production, and calculation details.

Examples

# Minimal, fast example (<1s)
calc_intensity_litre(total_emissions = 50000, milk_litres = 400000)


# Using a cf_total object (toy example)
tot <- structure(list(total_co2eq = 85000), class = "cf_total")
calc_intensity_litre(tot, milk_litres = 750000)

Calculate total emissions (robust and boundary-aware)

Description

Aggregates results from different sources (enteric, manure, soil, energy, inputs) even if they don't use exactly the same field name for the total. IMPORTANT: If a source explicitly reports co2eq_kg = NULL (e.g. excluded by system boundaries), it is treated as zero and no fallback summation is attempted.

Usage

calc_total_emissions(...)

Arguments

Value

Object "cf_total" with breakdown (kg CO2eq by source) and total.

Examples

# Minimal, fast example (<1s)
enteric <- list(co2eq_kg = 45000, source = "enteric")
manure  <- list(co2eq_kg = 12000, source = "manure")
soil    <- list(co2eq_kg = 18000, source = "soil")
energy  <- list(co2eq_kg =  8000, source = "energy")
calc_total_emissions(enteric = enteric, manure = manure, soil = soil, energy = energy)


# Example with an excluded source (treated as zero)
inputs_excl <- list(source = "inputs", co2eq_kg = NULL, methodology = "excluded_by_boundaries")
calc_total_emissions(enteric, manure, soil, inputs_excl)

Download cowfootR Excel template

Description

Saves a blank Excel template with required columns for batch carbon footprint calculations.

Usage

cf_download_template(file = "cowfootR_template.xlsx", include_examples = FALSE)

download_template(...)

Arguments

Value

Invisibly returns the file path.

Examples

Export cowfootR batch results to Excel

Description

Exports results from calc_batch() into an Excel file with summary and farm-level sheets.

Usage

export_hdc_report(
  batch_results,
  file = "cowfootR_report.xlsx",
  include_details = FALSE
)

Arguments

Value

Invisibly returns the file path.

Examples

# Minimal dummy object (like the one returned by calc_batch)
br <- list(
  summary = list(
    n_farms_processed = 1L,
    n_farms_successful = 1L,
    n_farms_with_errors = 0L,
    boundaries_used = list(scope = "farm_gate"),
    benchmark_region = NA_character_,
    processing_date = Sys.Date()
  ),
  farm_results = list(list(
    success = TRUE,
    farm_id = "Farm_A",
    year = format(Sys.Date(), "%Y"),
    emissions_enteric = 100, emissions_manure = 50, emissions_soil = 20,
    emissions_energy = 10, emissions_inputs = 5, emissions_total = 185,
    intensity_milk_kg_co2eq_per_kg_fpcm = 1.2,
    intensity_area_kg_co2eq_per_ha_total = 800,
    intensity_area_kg_co2eq_per_ha_productive = 1000,
    fpcm_production_kg = 150000, milk_production_kg = 154500,
    milk_production_litres = 150000,
    land_use_efficiency = 3000,
    total_animals = 200, dairy_cows = 120,
    benchmark_region = NA_character_, benchmark_performance = NA_character_,
    processing_date = Sys.Date(), boundaries_used = "farm_gate",
    tier_used = "tier_2", detailed_objects = NULL
  ))
)
class(br) <- "cf_batch_complete"

f <- tempfile(fileext = ".xlsx")
export_hdc_report(br, file = f)
file.exists(f)

Print method for cf_area_intensity objects

Description

Print method for cf_area_intensity objects

Usage

## S3 method for class 'cf_area_intensity'
print(x, ...)

Arguments

Value

The input object x, invisibly (and prints a formatted summary).

Examples

x <- list(
  intensity_per_total_ha      = 900,
  intensity_per_productive_ha = 1100,
  land_use_efficiency         = 0.92,
  total_emissions_co2eq       = 108000,
  area_total_ha               = 120,
  area_productive_ha          = 110,
  date                        = Sys.Date()
)
class(x) <- "cf_area_intensity"
print(x)

Print method for cf_intensity objects

Description

Print method for cf_intensity objects

Usage

## S3 method for class 'cf_intensity'
print(x, ...)

Arguments

Value

The input object x, returned invisibly (and prints a formatted summary).

Examples

# Minimal, fast example (<1s)
x <- list(
  intensity_co2eq_per_kg_fpcm = 0.9,
  total_emissions_co2eq = 85000,
  milk_production_litres = 750000,
  milk_production_kg = 750000 * 1.03,
  fpcm_production_kg = 750000 * 1.03 * (0.1226*4 + 0.0776*3.3 + 0.2534),
  fat_percent = 4,
  protein_percent = 3.3,
  milk_density_kg_per_l = 1.03,
  date = Sys.Date()
)
class(x) <- "cf_intensity"
print(x)

Print method for cf_total objects

Description

Print method for cf_total objects

Usage

## S3 method for class 'cf_total'
print(x, ...)

Arguments

Value

The input object x, returned invisibly (and prints a formatted summary).

Examples

# Minimal, fast example (<1s)
x <- list(
  breakdown   = c(enteric = 45000, manure = 12000),
  total_co2eq = 57000,
  n_sources   = 2,
  date        = Sys.Date()
)
class(x) <- "cf_total"
print(x)

Define system boundaries for carbon footprint calculation

Description

Define system boundaries for carbon footprint calculation

Usage

set_system_boundaries(scope = "farm_gate", include = NULL)

Arguments

Value

A list with $scope and $include

Examples

b1 <- set_system_boundaries("farm_gate")
b2 <- set_system_boundaries(include = c("enteric", "manure", "soil"))
b3 <- set_system_boundaries(include = c("enteric", "manure"))
b1$scope; b2$include; b3$include